The law for Paraphernalia are different in each state and some have repealed laws. As well as individual state laws; there are federal laws governing the use, possession and sale of Paraphernalia:

Federal Law; Office of Diversion Control

Section 863. Drug Paraphernalia

(a) In general
It is unlawful for any person --
(1) to sell or offer for sale drug paraphernalia;
(2) to use the mails or any other facility of interstate commerce to transport drug paraphernalia; or
(3) to import or export drug paraphernalia.

(b) Penalties
Anyone convicted of an offense under subsection (a) of this section shall be imprisoned for not more than three years and fined under Title 18.

(c) Seizure and forfeiture
Any drug paraphernalia involved in any violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture upon the conviction of a person for such violation. Any such paraphernalia shall be delivered to the Administrator of General Services, General Services Administration, who may order such paraphernalia destroyed or may authorize its use for law enforcement or educational purposes by Federal, State, or local authorities.

(d) "Drug Paraphernalia" defined
The term "drug paraphernalia" means any equipment, product, or material of any kind which is primarily intended or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, concealing, producing, processing, preparing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance, possession of which is unlawful under this subchapter. It includes items primarily intended or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish, hashish oil, PCP, methamphetamine, or amphetamines into the human body, such as --
(1) metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(2) water pipes;
(3) carburetion tubes and devices;
(4) smoking and carburetion masks;
(5) roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(6) miniature spoons with level capacities of one-tenth cubic centimeter or less;
(7) chamber pipes;
(8) carburetor pipes;
(9) electric pipes;
(10) air-driven pipes;
(11) chillums;
(12) bongs;
(13) ice pipes or chillers;
(14) wired cigarette papers; or
(15) cocaine freebase kits.

(e) Matters considered in determination of what constitutes drug paraphernalia;

In determining whether an item constitutes drug paraphernalia, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following may be considered:
(1) instructions, oral or written, provided with the item concerning its use;
(2) descriptive materials accompanying the item which explain or depict its use;
(3) national and local advertising concerning its use;
(4) the manner in which the item is displayed for sale;
(5) whether the owner, or anyone in control of the item, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(6) direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the item(s) to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(7) the existence and scope of legitimate uses of the item in the community; and
(8) expert testimony concerning its use.

(f) Exemptions
This section shall not apply to --
(1) any person authorized by local, State, or Federal law to manufacture, possess, or distribute such items; or
(2) any item that, in the normal lawful course of business, is imported, exported, transported, or sold through the mail or by any other means, and traditionally intended for use with tobacco products, including any pipe, paper, or accessory.

(Thank you Blueeyes01 for all the work you did)

Alabama

Crack pipes, rolling papers, scales, syringes, roach clips, bongs, and other materials used to manufacture or prepare drugs for personal use or distribution are all items which can be considered drug paraphernalia in Alabama. Possession of drug paraphernalia is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail and a $2,000 fine.

Drug Paraphernalia Law

The Alabama Criminal Code includes a drug paraphernalia provision, §13A-12-260, based on the Justice Department's model act, reprinted in Annotation, Validity, under Federal Constitution, of So-called "Head Shop" Ordinances or Statutes, Prohibiting Manufacture and Sale of Drug Use Related Paraphernalia, 69 A.L.R. Fed. 15 (1984 & Supp. 1998). The statute
provides a tri-partite definition of "drug paraphernalia."

First, drug paraphernalia is defined as all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use, in injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of the controlled substances laws of this state.

Ala. Code §13A-12-260(a). Next, it lists twelve types of items as examples of drug paraphernalia. Id. Finally, it offers thirteen factors to be considered when determining whether an item is drug paraphernalia. Ala. Code §13A-12-260(b). The statute refers to injection in the roster of drug-use practices that contribute to defining paraphernalia under the first part of the definition, and includes "[h]ypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injected controlled substances into the human body" in its list of items that can qualify as drug paraphernalia under some circumstances. Ala. Code §13A-12-260(a)-(b). The thirteen factors to be considered are:

(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
(3) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this section or to a controlled substance;
(4) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(5) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of the controlled substances laws of this state; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of such laws shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use as drug paraphernalia;
(6) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(7) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(8) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(9) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(10) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(11) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object or objects to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(12) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community;
(13) Expert testimony concerning its use.

Ala. Code §13A-12-260.
The law makes it "unlawful for any person to deliver or sell, possess with intent to deliver or sell, or manufacture with intent to deliver or sell drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation" of the Drug Paraphernalia Act. Ala. Code §13A-12-260(d)(1). Violation of the law is a misdemeanor subject to a fine of up to $2,000, Ala. Code §13A-5-12(1), and imprisonment of up to one year. Ala. Code §13A-5-7(a)(1). The violation becomes a class B felony when the recipient of the paraphernalia is under eighteen years old. Ala. Code §13A-12-260(d)(2). A class B felony is subject to imprisonment of not more than 20 years or less than 2 years. Ala. Code 13A-5-6(a)(2).

Alaska

Paraphernalia Associated with Medical Use

Paraphernalia associated with medical use is permitted under Alaska law. "Medical use" is defined in the Alaska medical marijuana statute as the acquisition, possession, cultivation, use, and/or transportation of marijuana and/or paraphernalia related to the administration of such marijuana to address the symptoms or effects of a debilitating medical condition only after a physician has authorized such medical use by a diagnosis of the patient's debilitating medical condition.

Arizona


13-3415. Possession, manufacture, delivery and advertisement of drug paraphernalia; definitions; violation; classification; civil forfeiture; factors

A. It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a drug in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a class 6 felony.

B. It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a drug in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a class 6 felony.

C. It is unlawful for a person to place in a newspaper, magazine, handbill or other publication any advertisement knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a class 6 felony.

D. All drug paraphernalia is subject to forfeiture pursuant to chapter 39 of this title. The failure to charge or acquittal of an owner or anyone in control of drug paraphernalia in violation of this chapter does not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use or designed for use as drug paraphernalia.

E. In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
-1. Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use.

-2. Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any drug.

-3. The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this chapter.

-4. The proximity of the object to drugs.

-5. The existence of any residue of drugs on the object.

-6. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this chapter.

-7. Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use.

-8. Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use.

-9. National and local advertising concerning its use.

-10. The manner in which the object is displayed for sale.

-11. Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products.

-12. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise.

-13. The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community.

-14. Expert testimony concerning its use.

F. In this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Drug" means any narcotic drug, dangerous drug, marijuana or peyote.
2. "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a drug in violation of this chapter. It includes:
(a) Kits used, intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting any species of plant which is a drug or from which a drug can be derived.
(b) Kits used, intended for use or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing or preparing drugs.
(c) Isomerization devices used, intended for use or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a drug.
(d) Testing equipment used, intended for use or designed for use in identifying or analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of drugs.
(e) Scales and balances used, intended for use or designed for use in weighing or measuring drugs.
(f) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use or designed for use in cutting drugs.
(g) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana.
(h) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended for use or designed for use in compounding drugs.
(i) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for use or designed for use in packaging small quantities of drugs.
(j) Containers and other objects used, intended for use or designed for use in storing or concealing drugs.
(k) Hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used, intended for use or designed for use in parenterally injecting drugs into the human body.
(l) Objects used, intended for use or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, a narcotic drug, a dangerous drug, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls.
(ii) Water pipes.
(iii) Carburetion tubes and devices.
(iv) Smoking and carburetion masks.
(v) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand.
(vi) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials.
(vii) Chamber pipes.
(viii) Carburetor pipes.
(ix) Electric pipes.
(x) Air-driven pipes.
(xi) Chillums.
(xii) Bongs.
(xiii) Ice pipes or chillers.

13-901.01. Probation for persons convicted of possession or use of controlled substances or drug paraphernalia; treatment; prevention; education;
A. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, any person who is convicted of the personal possession or use of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia is eligible for probation. The court shall suspend the imposition or execution of sentence and place the person on probation.
B. Any person who has been convicted of or indicted for a violent crime as defined in section 13-604.04 is not eligible for probation as provided for in this section but instead shall be sentenced pursuant to chapter 34 of this title.
C. Personal possession or use of a controlled substance pursuant to this section shall not include possession for sale, production, manufacturing or transportation for sale of any controlled substance.
D. If a person is convicted of personal possession or use of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia, as a condition of probation, the court shall require participation in an appropriate drug treatment or education program administered by a qualified agency or organization that provides such programs to persons who abuse controlled substances. Each person who is enrolled in a drug treatment or education program shall be required to pay for participation in the program to the extent of the person's financial ability.
E. A person who has been placed on probation pursuant to this section and who is determined by the court to be in violation of probation shall have new conditions of probation established by the court. The court shall select the additional conditions it deems necessary, including intensified drug treatment, community restitution, intensive probation, home arrest or any other sanctions except that the court shall not impose a term of incarceration unless the court determines that the person violated probation by committing an offense listed in chapter 34 or 34.1 of this title or an act in violation of an order of the court relating to drug treatment.
F. If a person is convicted a second time of personal possession or use of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia, the court may include additional conditions of probation it deems necessary, including intensified drug treatment, community restitution, intensive probation, home arrest or any other action within the jurisdiction of the court.
G. At any time while the defendant is on probation, if after having a reasonable opportunity to do so the defendant fails or refuses to participate in drug treatment, the probation department or the prosecutor may petition the court to revoke the defendant's probation. If the court finds that the defendant refused to participate in drug treatment, the defendant shall no longer be eligible for probation under this section but instead shall be sentenced pursuant to chapter 34 of this title.
H. A person is not eligible for probation under this section but instead shall be sentenced pursuant to chapter 34 of this title if the court finds the person either:
1. Had been convicted three times of personal possession of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia.
2. Refused drug treatment as a term of probation.
3. Rejected probation.

I. Subsections G and H of this section do not prohibit the defendant from being placed on probation pursuant to section 13-901 if the defendant otherwise qualifies for probation under that section.
J. For the purposes of this section, "controlled substance" has the same meaning prescribed in section 36-2501.

Arkansas

"Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind that are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. It includes, but is not limited to:
(A) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of plant that is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(B) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances;
(C) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant that is a controlled substance;
(D) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances;
(E) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(F) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
(G) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana;
(H) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(I) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(J) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances;
(K) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body; and
(L) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(ii) Water pipes;
(iii) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(iv) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(v) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(vi) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(vii) Chamber pipes;
(viii) Carburetor pipes;
(ix) Electric pipes;
(x) Air-driven pipes;
(xi) Chillums;
(xii) Bongs; and
(xiii) Ice pipes or chillers.

(2) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(A) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(B) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner or of anyone in control of the object under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
(C) The proximity of the object in time and space to a direct violation of this chapter;
(D) The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
(E) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(F) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner or of anyone in control of the object to deliver it to persons whom he or she knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this chapter; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this chapter shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use, as drug paraphernalia;
(G) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(H) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(I) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(J) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(K) Whether the owner or anyone in control of the object is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(L) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the objects to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(M) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(N) Expert testimony concerning its use;

5-64-403. Fraud - Criminal penalties - Drug Paraphernalia.

(c) Drug Paraphernalia.

(1)(A)
(i) It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.
(ii) A violation of this subdivision (c)(1)(A)(i) is a Class A misdemeanor.

(B) Any person who violates this section in the course of and in furtherance of a felony violation of this chapter is guilty of a Class C felony.

(2)(A) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subdivision (c)(2)(A) is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(B) Any person who violates subdivision (c)(2)(A) of this section in the course of and in furtherance of a felony violation of this chapter is guilty of a Class C felony.

(3)(A) Any person eighteen (18) years of age or over who violates subdivision (c)(2) of this section immediately preceding by delivering drug paraphernalia in the course of and in furtherance of a felony violation of this chapter to a person under eighteen (18) years of age who is at least three (3) years his or her junior is guilty of a Class B felony.

(B) Otherwise, any person eighteen (18) years of age or over who violates subdivision (c)(2) of this section by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen (18) years of age who is at least three (3) years his or her junior is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(4) It is unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of counterfeit substances or of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia. Any person who violates this subdivision (c)(4) is guilty of a Class C felony.

(5) It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to manufacture methamphetamine in violation of this chapter. Any person who pleads guilty or nolo contendere to or is found guilty of violating the provisions of this subdivision (c)(5) shall be guilty of a Class B felony.

5-64-505. Property subject to forfeiture - Procedure - Disposition of property.[/B]
REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTIONS. All moneys, coin, and currency found in close proximity to forfeitable controlled substances, to counterfeit substances, to forfeitable drug manufacturing or distributing paraphernalia, or to forfeitable records of the importation, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances or counterfeit substances are presumed to be forfeitable under this paragraph. The burden of proof is upon claimants of the property to rebut these presumptions by a preponderance of the evidence.
(b) Seizure and summary forfeiture of contraband. The following items shall be deemed contraband and may be seized and summarily forfeited to the State:
(3) All drug paraphernalia and counterfeit substances except in the possession or control of a practitioner in the course of professional practice and/or research.

6-21-102. Donation of laboratory equipment seized under drug paraphernalia law.

Any triple-beam balance or analytical balance or other laboratory equipment seized under Arkansas' drug paraphernalia law, or any other law, may be donated by the seizing authority to any public school in this state.

California

CALIFORNIA CODES
HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE
SECTION 11364-11376

"Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are designed for use or marketed for use, in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise
introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this division. It includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Kits designed for use or marketed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived.
(2) Kits designed for use or marketed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.
(3) Isomerization devices designed for use or marketed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance.
(4) Testing equipment designed for use or marketed for use inidentifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances.
(5) Scales and balances designed for use or marketed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances.
(6) Containers and other objects designed for use or marketed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances.
(7) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects designed for use or marketed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body.
(8) Objects designed for use or marketed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(A) Carburetion tubes and devices.
(B) Smoking and carburetion masks.
(C) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand.
(D) Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials.
(E) Chamber pipes.
(F) Carburetor pipes.
(G) Electric pipes.
(H) Air-driven pipes.
(I) Chillums.
(J) Bongs.
(K) Ice pipes or chillers.
(b) For the purposes of this section, the phrase "marketed for use" means advertising, distributing, offering for sale, displaying for sale, or selling in a manner which promotes the use of equipment, products, or materials with controlled substances.
(c) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority may consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use.
(2) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use for ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing a controlled substance into the human body.
(3) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use.
(4) National and local advertising concerning its use.
(5) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale.
(6) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products.
(7) Expert testimony concerning its use.
(d) If any provision of this section or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, it is the intent of the Legislature that the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the section which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.

11364. (a) It is unlawful to possess an opium pipe or any device, contrivance, instrument, or paraphernalia used for unlawfully injecting or smoking (1) a controlled substance specified in subdivision (b), (c), or (e), or paragraph (1) of subdivision (f) of Section 11054, specified in paragraph (14), (15), or (20) of subdivision (d) of Section 11054, specified in subdivision (b) or (c) of Section 11055, or specified in paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 11055, or (2) a controlled substance which is a narcotic drug classified in Schedule III, IV, or V.
(b) This section shall not apply to hypodermic needles or syringes that have been containerized for safe disposal in a container that meets state and federal standards for disposal of sharps waste.
(c) Pursuant to authorization by a county, with respect to all of the territory within the county, or a city, with respect to the territory within in the city, for the period commencing January 1, 2005, and ending December 31, 2010, subdivision (a) shall not apply to the possession solely for personal use of 10 or fewer hypodermic needles or syringes if acquired from an authorized source.

11364.5. (a) Except as authorized by law, no person shall maintain or operate any place of business in which drug paraphernalia is kept, displayed or offered in any manner, sold, furnished, transferred or given away unless such drug paraphernalia is completely and wholly kept, displayed or offered within a separate room or enclosure to which persons under the age of 18 years not accompanied by a parent or legal guardian are excluded. Each entrance to such a room or enclosure shall be signposted in reasonably visible and legible words to the effect that drug paraphernalia is kept, displayed or offered in such room or enclosure and that minors, unless accompanied by a
parent or legal guardian, are excluded.
(b) Except as authorized by law, no owner, manager, proprietor or other person in charge of any room or enclosure, within any place of business, in which drug paraphernalia is kept, displayed or offered in any manner, sold, furnished, transferred or given away shall permit or allow any person under the age of 18 years to enter, be in, remain in or visit such room or enclosure unless such minor person is accompanied by one of his or her parents or by his or her legal guardian.
(c) Unless authorized by law, no person under the age of 18 years shall enter, be in, remain in or visit any room or enclosure in any place of business in which drug paraphernalia is kept, displayed or offered in any manner, sold, furnished, transferred or given away unless accompanied by one of his or her parents or by his or her legal guardian.
(d) As used in this section, "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are intended for use or designed for use, in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled
substance. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(1) Kits intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived.
(2) Kits intended for use or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.
(3) Isomerization devices intended for use or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance.
(4) Testing equipment intended for use or designed for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances.
(5) Scales and balances intended for use or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances.
(6) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, intended for use or designed for use in cutting controlled substances.
(7) Separation gins and sifters intended for use or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana.
(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices intended for use or designed for use in compounding controlled substances.
(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers intended for use or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances.
(10) Containers and other objects intended for use or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances.
(11) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects intended for use or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body.
(12) Objects intended for use or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as the following:
(A) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls.
(B) Water pipes.
(C) Carburetion tubes and devices.
(D) Smoking and carburetion masks.
(E) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand.
(F) Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials.
(G) Chamber pipes.
(H) Carburetor pipes.
(I) Electric pipes.
(J) Air-driven pipes.
(K) Chillums.
(L) Bongs.
(M) Ice pipes or chillers.
(e) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority may consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use.
(2) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance.
(3) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he or she knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this section. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this section shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use, as drug paraphernalia.
(4) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use.
(5) Descriptive materials, accompanying the object which explain or depict its use.
(6) National and local advertising concerning its use.
(7) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale.
(8) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products.
(9) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community.
(10) Expert testimony concerning its use.
(f) This section shall not apply to any of the following:
(1) Any pharmacist or other authorized person who sells or furnishes drug paraphernalia described in paragraph (11) of subdivision (d) upon the prescription of a physician, dentist, podiatrist or veterinarian.
(2) Any physician, dentist, podiatrist or veterinarian who furnishes or prescribes drug paraphernalia described in paragraph (11) of subdivision (d) to his or her patients.
(3) Any manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer licensed by the California State Board of Pharmacy to sell or transfer drug paraphernalia described in paragraph (11) of subdivision (d).
(g) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including Section 11374, violation of this section shall not constitute a criminal offense, but operation of a business in violation of the provisions of this section shall be grounds for revocation or nonrenewal of any license, permit, or other entitlement previously issued by a city, county, or city and county for the privilege of engaging in such business and shall be grounds for denial of any future license, permit, or other entitlement authorizing the conduct of such business
or any other business, if the business includes the sale of drug paraphernalia.

11472. Controlled substances and any device, contrivance, instrument, or paraphernalia used for unlawfully using or administering a controlled substance, which are possessed in violation of this division, may be seized by any peace officer and in the aid of such seizure a search warrant may be issued as prescribed by law.

11473. (a) All seizures under provisions of this chapter, except seizures of vehicles, boats, or airplanes, as specified in subdivision (e) of Section 11470, or seizures of moneys, negotiable instruments, securities, or other things of value as specified in subdivision (f) of Section 11470, shall, upon conviction of the owner or defendant, be ordered destroyed by the court in which conviction
was had.
(b) Law enforcement may request of the court that certain uncontaminated science equipment be relinquished to a school or school district for science classroom education in lieu of destruction.

11473.5. (a) All seizures of controlled substances, instruments, or paraphernalia used for unlawfully using or administering a controlled substance which are in possession of any city, county, or state official as found property, or as the result of a case in which no trial was had or which has been disposed of by way of dismissal or otherwise than by way of conviction, shall be destroyed by order of the court, unless the court finds that the controlled substances, instruments, or paraphernalia were lawfully possessed by the
defendant.
(b) If the court finds that the property was not lawfully possessed by the defendant, law enforcement may request of the court that certain uncontaminated instruments or paraphernalia be relinquished to a school or school district for science classroom education in lieu of destruction.

11474. A court order for the destruction of controlled substances, instruments, or paraphernalia pursuant to the provisions of Section 11473 or 11473.5 may be carried out by a police or sheriff's department, the Department of Justice, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, or the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control. The court order shall specify the agency responsible for the destruction. Controlled substances, instruments, or paraphernalia not in the possession of the designated agency at the time the order of the court is issued shall be delivered to the designated agency for destruction in compliance with the order.

11532. (a) It is unlawful for any person to loiter in any public place in a manner and under circumstances manifesting the purpose and with the intent to commit an offense specified in Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 11350) and Chapter 6.5 (commencing with Section 11400).
(b) Among circumstances that may be considered in determining whether a person has the requisite intent to engage in drug-related activity are that the person:
(7) Is under the influence of a controlled substance or possesses narcotic or drug paraphernalia. For the purposes of this paragraph, "narcotic or drug paraphernalia" means any device, contrivance, instrument, or apparatus designed or marketed for the use of smoking, injecting, ingesting, or consuming marijuana, hashish, PCP, or any controlled substance, including, but not limited to, roach clips, cigarette papers, and rollers designed or marketed for use in smoking a controlled substance.

Colorado

18-18-426. Drug paraphernalia - definitions.
Statute text

As used in sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of the laws of this state. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to:

(a) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state;
(b) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(c) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from or in otherwise cleaning or refining marihuana;
(d) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(e) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(f) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances; or
(g) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(I) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(II) Water pipes;
(III) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(IV) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(V) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(VI) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(VII) Chamber pipes;
(VIII) Carburetor pipes;
(IX) Electric pipes;
(X) Air-driven pipes;
(XI) Chillums;
(XII) Bongs; or
(XIII) Ice pipes or chillers.

History

Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 376, § 1, effective July 1.
Annotations

Editor's note: This section was contained in an article that was repealed and reenacted in 1992. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1992, are similar to those contained in 12-22-502 as said section existed in 1991, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this article.

Annotations

Law reviews. For article, "Constitutional Law and Civil Rights", see 59 Den. L.J. 239 (1982).

Annotator's note. Since § 18-18-426 is similar to § 12-22-502 as it existed prior to its repeal in 1992, relevant cases construing those provisions have been included in the annotations to this section.

Terms "designed" and "primarily" in definition of "drug paraphernalia" are not unconstitutionally vague. High Gear and Toke Shop v. Beacom, 689 P.2d 624 (Colo. 1984).

Term "intended" is unconstitutionally vague and is severed from the definition. High Gear and Toke Shop v. Beacom, 689 P.2d 624 (Colo. 1984).

Definition of "drug paraphernalia" does not violate due process. By severing the word "adapted" from the definition, the act can be upheld. Hejira Corp. v. MacFarlane, 660 F.2d 1356 (10th Cir. 1981) (decided prior to the 1981 amendment to subsection (2) which deleted the word "adapted").

Term "designed" not overbroad. As this section restricts the term "designed," by requiring that an item must be primarily designed for use with illegal drugs in order to constitute paraphernalia, that term, as used in this part, not overbroad. Hejira Corp. v. MacFarlane, 660 F.2d 1356 (10th Cir. 1981).

Intent requirement of subsection (2) refers to intent of possessor or seller. Hejira Corp. v. MacFarlane, 660 F.2d 1356 (10th Cir. 1981).

Applied in Wakabayashi v. Tooley, 648 P.2d 655 (Colo. 1982).

18-18-427. Drug paraphernalia - determination - considerations.
Statute text

(1) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court, in its discretion, may consider, in addition to all other relevant factors, the following:

(a) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(b) The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
(c) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(d) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the knowledge of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, or evidence that such person reasonably should know, that it will be delivered to persons who he knows or reasonably should know, could use the object to facilitate a violation of sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430;
(e) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(f) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(g) National or local advertising concerning its use;
(h) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(i) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a supplier of like or related items to the community for legal purposes, such as an authorized distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(j) The existence and scope of legal uses for the object in the community;
(k) Expert testimony concerning its use.

(2) In the event a case brought pursuant to sections 18-18-425 to 18-18-430 is tried before a jury, the court shall hold an evidentiary hearing on issues raised pursuant to this section. Such hearing shall be conducted in camera.
History

Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 377, § 1, effective July 1.

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

The 2005 Florida Statutes

893.145 "Drug paraphernalia" defined.--The term "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, transporting, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter or s. 877.111. Drug paraphernalia is deemed to be contraband which shall be subject to civil forfeiture. The term includes, but is not limited to:

(1) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in the planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived.

(2) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.

(3) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance.

(4) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of, controlled substances.

(5) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances.

(6) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances.

(7) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, cannabis.

(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances.

(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances.

(10) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing, concealing, or transporting controlled substances.

(11) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body.

(12) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing cannabis, cocaine, hashish, hashish oil, or nitrous oxide into the human body, such as:

(a) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes, with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls.
(b) Water pipes.
(c) Carburetion tubes and devices.
(d) Smoking and carburetion masks.
(e) Roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a cannabis cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand.
(f) Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials.
(g) Chamber pipes.
(h) Carburetor pipes.
(i) Electric pipes.
(j) Air-driven pipes.
(k) Chillums.
(l) Bongs.
(m) Ice pipes or chillers.
(n) A cartridge or canister, which means a small metal device used to contain nitrous oxide.
(o) A charger, sometimes referred to as a "cracker," which means a small metal or plastic device that contains an interior pin that may be used to expel nitrous oxide from a cartridge or container.
(p) A charging bottle, which means a device that may be used to expel nitrous oxide from a cartridge or canister.
(q) A whip-it, which means a device that may be used to expel nitrous oxide.
(r) A tank.
(s) A balloon.
(t) A hose or tube.
(u) A 2-liter-type soda bottle.
(v) Duct tape.

893.146 Determination of paraphernalia.--In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority or jury shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:

(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use.
(2) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this act.
(3) The proximity of the object to controlled substances.
(4) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object.
(5) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons who he or she knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this act. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this act shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use, as drug paraphernalia.
(6) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use.
(7) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use.
(8) Any advertising concerning its use.
(9) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale.
(10) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor of or dealer in tobacco products.
(11) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object or objects to the total sales of the business enterprise.
(12) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community.
(13) Expert testimony concerning its use.

Georgia

16-13-32.

(a) As used in this Code section, the term:

(1) "Drug related object" means any instrument, device, or object
which is designed or marketed as useful primarily for one or more
of the following purposes:

(A) To inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce marijuana
or a controlled substance into the human body;
(B) To enhance the effect of marijuana or a controlled substance
on the human body;
(C) To test the strength, effectiveness, or purity of marijuana
or a controlled substance;
(D) To process or prepare marijuana or a controlled substance
for introduction into the human body;
(E) To conceal any quantity of marijuana or a controlled
substance; or
(F) To contain or hold marijuana or a controlled substance while
it is being introduced into the human body.

(2) "Knowing" means either actual or constructive knowledge of the
drug related nature of the object; and a person or corporation has
constructive knowledge of the drug related nature of the object if
he or it has knowledge of facts which would put a reasonable and
prudent person on notice of the drug related nature of the object.

(b) It shall be unlawful for any person or corporation, knowing the
drug related nature of the object, to sell, lend, rent, lease, give,
exchange, or otherwise distribute to any person any drug related
object. It shall also be unlawful for any person or corporation,
knowing the drug related nature of the object, to display for sale,
or possess with the intent to distribute any drug related object.
Unless stated within the body of the advertisement or notice that
the object that is advertised or about which information is
disseminated is not available for distribution of any sort in this
state, it shall be unlawful for any person or corporation, knowing
the drug related nature of the object, to distribute or disseminate
in any manner to any person any advertisement of any kind or notice
of any kind which gives information, directly or indirectly, on
where, how, from whom, or by what means any drug related object may
be obtained or made.
(c) It shall be unlawful for any person or corporation, other than a
licensed pharmacist or a practitioner licensed to dispense Legend
Drugs, to sell, lend, rent, lease, give, exchange, or otherwise
distribute to any person a hypodermic syringe or needle designed or
marketed primarily for human use. It shall be an affirmative defense
that the hypodermic syringe or needle was marketed for a legitimate
medical purpose.
(d) For a first offense, any person or corporation which violates
any provision of this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
For a second offense, the defendant shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
of a high and aggravated nature. For a third or subsequent offense,
the defendant shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction
thereof, shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more
than five years and shall be fined not more than $5,000.00.
(e) All instruments, devices, and objects which are distributed or
possessed in violation of this Code section are declared to be
contraband.
(f) After conviction and after all direct appeals from the
conviction have been exhausted, any instruments, devices, or objects
which are the subject of prosecution under this Code section may be
destroyed by the state or any county or municipality thereof without
court order.
(g) Any instruments, devices, or objects which are seized after July
1, 1980, on condemnation as being distributed or possessed in
violation of this Code section and which are not made the subject of
prosecution under this Code section may be destroyed by the state or
any county or municipality thereof if within 90 days after such
seizures are made, the district attorney or the solicitor-general of
any court that has jurisdiction to try misdemeanors in the county
where the seizure occurred shall institute condemnation proceedings
in the court by petition, a copy of which shall be served upon the
owner of the seized items, if known; and if the owner is unknown,
notice of such proceedings shall be published once a week for two
weeks in the newspaper in which the sheriff's advertisements are
published. The petition shall allege that the seized items were
distributed or possessed in violation of this Code section; and, if
no defense is filed within 30 days from the filing of the petition,
judgment by default shall be entered by the court at chambers, and
the court shall order the seized items to be destroyed; otherwise,
the case shall proceed as other civil cases in the court. Should
the state prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the seized
items were distributed or possessed in violation of this Code
section, the court shall order the seized items to be destroyed.

16-13-32.1.

(a) It shall be unlawful for any person or corporation to sell,
rent, lease, give, exchange, otherwise distribute, or possess with
intent to distribute any object or materials of any kind which such
person or corporation intends to be used for the purpose of
planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting,
manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing,
preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing,
containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise
introducing into the human body marijuana or a controlled substance.
(b) Unless stated within the body of the advertisement or notice
that the object or materials that are advertised or about which
information is disseminated are not available for distribution of
any sort in this state, it shall be unlawful for any person or
corporation to sell, rent, lease, give, exchange, distribute, or
possess with intent to distribute any advertisement of any kind or
notice of any kind which gives information, directly or indirectly,
on where, how, from whom, or by what means any object or materials
may be obtained or made, which object or materials such person or
corporation intends to be used for the purpose of planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing,
compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing,
analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing,
injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the
human body marijuana or a controlled substance.
(c) In determining whether any object or materials are intended for
any of the purposes listed in subsections (a) and (b) of this Code
section, a court or other authority shall consider all logically
relevant factors. In a trial under this Code section, any evidence
admissible on this question under the rules of evidence shall be
admitted. Subject to the rules of evidence, when they are the object
of an offer of proof in a court proceeding, the following factors
are among those that should be considered by a court or other
authority on this question:

(1) Statements by an owner or anyone in control of the object or
materials;
(2) Instructions provided with the object or materials;
(3) Descriptive materials accompanying the object or materials;
(4) National and local advertising or promotional materials
concerning the object or materials;
(5) The appearance of, and any writing or other representations
appearing on, the object or materials;
(6) The manner in which the object or materials are displayed for
sale or other distribution;
(7) Expert testimony concerning the object or materials; and
(8) Any written or pictorial materials which are present in the
place where the object is located.

(d) For a first offense, any person or corporation which violates
any provision of this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
For a second offense, the defendant shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
of a high and aggravated nature. For a third or subsequent offense,
the defendant shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction
thereof, shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more
than five years and shall be fined not more than $5,000.00.
(e) All objects and materials which are distributed or possessed in
violation of this Code section are declared to be contraband and
shall be forfeited according to the procedure described in Code
Section 16-13-49.

16-13-32.2.

(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to use, or possess with the
intent to use, any object or materials of any kind for the purpose
of planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting,
manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing,
preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing,
containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise
introducing into the human body marijuana or a controlled substance.
(b) Any person or corporation which violates any provision of this
Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

16-13-33.

Any person who attempts or conspires to commit any offense defined
in this article shall be, upon conviction thereof, punished by
imprisonment not exceeding the maximum punishment prescribed for the
offense, the commission of which was the object of the attempt or
conspiracy.

Hawaii

S.B. 807 RELATING TO DRUG PARAPHERNALIA TIA,JDC
Prohibits the sale of a combination of glass "straw"
and portions of metal brillo pad, which form the
components of a crack cocaine pipe.

Idaho

Idaho Statutes
TITLE 3
FOOD, DRUGS, AND OIL
CHAPTER 27
UNIFORM CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
37-2701. DEFINITIONS. As used in this act:
(n) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of
any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use, in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding,
converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging,
repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling,
or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in
violation of this act. It includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant
which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can
be derived;
(2) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing,
compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled
substances;
(3) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in
increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled
substance;
(4) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in
identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of
controlled substances;
(5) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in
weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(6) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol,
mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use
in cutting controlled substances;
(7) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for
use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or
refining, marijuana;
(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended
for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for
use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled
substances;
(10) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for
use in storing or concealing controlled substances;
(11) Hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used, intended for
use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances
into the human body;
(12) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting,
inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish
oil into the human body, such as:
(a) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes
with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or
punctured metal bowls;
(b) Water pipes;
(c) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(d) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(e) Roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such
as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to
be held in the hand;
(f) Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials;
(g) Chamber pipes;
(h) Carburetor pipes;
(i) Electric pipes;
(j) Air-driven pipes;
(k) Chillums;
(l) Bongs;
(m) Ice pipes or chillers;
In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other
authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant
factors, the following:
1. Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object
concerning its use;
2. Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the
object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled
substance;
3. The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation
of this act;
4. The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
5. The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
6. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of
anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows,
or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a
violation of this act; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control
of the object, as to a direct violation of this act shall not prevent a
finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use as drug
paraphernalia;
7. Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its
use;
8. Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict
its use;
9. National and local advertising concerning its use;
10. The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
11. Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate
supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed
distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
12. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the
object(s) to the total sales of the business enterprise;
13. The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the
community;
14. Expert testimony concerning its use.

Illinois

POSSESSION DRUG PARAPHERNALIA
720 ILCS 600/3.5
$750 to $2500 Fine &/or Up to 1 Year in Jail
-----------------------
DRUG PARAPHENALIA
Drug Paraphernalia Act Amendment

The provision which were designed to deal with a court decision that stated “homemade items” were exempt. Here is the amendment:
HB2328 93rd General Assembly 093_HB2328 LRB093 09125 RLC 09357 AN ACT in relation to criminal law.
Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois: Section 5. The Drug Paraphernalia Control Act is amended by changing Section 2 as follows:

(720 ILCS 600/2) 7 Sec. 2. As used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) The term "cannabis" shall have the meaning ascribed to it in Section 3 of the "Cannabis Control Act", as if that definition were incorporated herein.
(d) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind, home made or manufactured, which are peculiar to or and marketed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body cannabis or a controlled substance in violation of the "Cannabis Control Act" or the "Illinois Controlled Substances Act". It includes, but is not limited to:

(1) Kits, home made or manufactured, peculiar to or and marketed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing or preparing cannabis or a controlled substance;
(2) Isomerization devices, home made or manufactured, peculiar to or and marketed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is cannabis or a controlled substance;
(3) Testing equipment, home made or manufactured, peculiar to or and marketed for private home use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of cannabis or controlled substances;
(4) Diluents and adulterants, home made or manufactured, peculiar to or and marketed for cutting cannabis or a controlled substance by private persons;
(5) Objects, home made or manufactured, peculiar to or and marketed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing cannabis or a controlled substance, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body including, where applicable, the following items: (A) water pipes; (B) carburetion tubes and devices; (C) smoking and carburetion masks; (D) miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials; (E) carburetor pipes; (F) electric pipes;(G) air-driven pipes; (H) chillums; I) bongs; (J) ice pipes or chillers;Any item whose purpose, as announced or described by the seller, is for use in violation of this Act. (P.A. 82-1032.)

------------------------

Public Act 93-0392

SB880 Enrolled LRB093 07447 RLC 07612 b

AN ACT in relation to hypodermic syringes and needles.

Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
represented in the General Assembly:

Section 5. The Drug Paraphernalia Control Act is amended
by changing Sections 3.5 and 4 as follows:

(720 ILCS 600/3.5)
Sec. 3.5. Possession of drug paraphernalia.
(a) A person who knowingly possesses an item of drug
paraphernalia with the intent to use it in ingesting,
inhaling, or otherwise introducing cannabis or a controlled
substance into the human body, or in preparing cannabis or a
controlled substance for that use, is guilty of a Class A
misdemeanor for which the court shall impose a minimum fine
of $750 in addition to any other penalty prescribed for a
Class A misdemeanor. This subsection (a) does not apply to a
person who is legally authorized to possess hypodermic
syringes or needles under the Hypodermic Syringes and Needles
Act.
(b) In determining intent under subsection (a), the
trier of fact may take into consideration the proximity of
the cannabis or controlled substances to drug paraphernalia
or the presence of cannabis or a controlled substance on the
drug paraphernalia.
(Source: P.A. 88-677, eff. 12-15-94.)

(720 ILCS 600/4) (from Ch. 56 1/2, par. 2104)
Sec. 4. Exemptions. This Act shall not apply to:
(a) Items marketed for use in the preparation,
compounding, packaging, labeling, or other use of cannabis or
a controlled substance as an incident to lawful research,
teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale.
(b) Items marketed for, or historically and customarily
used in connection with, the planting, propagating,
cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding,
converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing,
analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing,
concealing, injecting, ingesting, or inhaling of tobacco or
any other lawful substance.
Items exempt under this subsection include, but are not
limited to, garden hoes, rakes, sickles, baggies, tobacco
pipes, and cigarette-rolling papers.
(c) Items listed in Section 2 of this Act which are
marketed for decorative purposes, when such items have been
rendered completely inoperable or incapable of being used for
any illicit purpose prohibited by this Act.
(d) A person who is legally authorized to possess
hypodermic syringes or needles under the Hypodermic Syringes
and Needles Act.
In determining whether or not a particular item is exempt
under this subsection, the trier of fact should consider, in
addition to all other logically relevant factors, the
following:
(1) the general, usual, customary, and historical
use to which the item involved has been put;
(2) expert evidence concerning the ordinary or
customary use of the item and the effect of any
peculiarity in the design or engineering of the device
upon its functioning;
(3) any written instructions accompanying the
delivery of the item concerning the purposes or uses to
which the item can or may be put;
(4) any oral instructions provided by the seller of
the item at the time and place of sale or commercial
delivery;
(5) any national or local advertising concerning
the design, purpose or use of the item involved, and the
entire context in which such advertising occurs;
(6) the manner, place and circumstances in which
the item was displayed for sale, as well as any item or
items displayed for sale or otherwise exhibited upon the
premises where the sale was made;
(7) whether the owner or anyone in control of the
object is a legitimate supplier of like or related items
to the community, such as a licensed distributor or
dealer of tobacco products;
(8) the existence and scope of legitimate uses for
the object in the community.
(Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

Indiana

IC 35-48-4
Chapter 4. Offenses Relating to Controlled Substances
IC 35-48-4-8.3
Possession of paraphernalia
Sec. 8.3. (a) A person who possesses a raw material, an instrument, a device, or other object that the person intends to use for:
(1) introducing into the person's body a controlled substance;
(2) testing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance; or
(3) enhancing the effect of a controlled substance;
in violation of this chapter commits a Class A infraction for possessing paraphernalia.
(b) A person who knowingly or intentionally violates subsection (a) commits a Class A misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Class D felony if the person has a prior unrelated judgment or conviction under this section.
(c) A person who recklessly possesses a raw material, an instrument, a device, or other object that is to be used primarily for:
(1) introducing into the person's body a controlled substance;
(2) testing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance; or
(3) enhancing the effect of a controlled substance;
in violation of this chapter commits reckless possession of paraphernalia, a Class B misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Class D felony if the person has a previous judgment or conviction under this section.
As added by Acts 1980, P.L.115, SEC.4. Amended by P.L.202-1989, SEC.5; P.L.166-1990, SEC.2; P.L.58-2003, SEC.1.


IC 35-48-4-8.5
Dealing in paraphernalia
Sec. 8.5.
(a) A person who keeps for sale, offers for sale, delivers, or finances the delivery of a raw material, an instrument, a device, or other object that is intended to be or that is designed or marketed to be used primarily for:
(1) ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance;
(2) testing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance;
(3) enhancing the effect of a controlled substance;
(4) manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance;
(5) diluting or adulterating marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance by individuals; or
(6) any purpose announced or described by the seller that is in violation of this chapter;
commits a Class A infraction for dealing in paraphernalia.
(b) A person who knowingly or intentionally violates subsection (a) commits a Class A misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Class D felony if the person has a prior unrelated judgment or conviction under this section.
(c) A person who recklessly keeps for sale, offers for sale, or delivers an instrument, a device, or other object that is to be used primarily for:
(1) ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance;
(2) testing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance;
(3) enhancing the effect of a controlled substance;
(4) manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance;
(5) diluting or adulterating marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance by individuals; or
(6) any purpose announced or described by the seller that is in violation of this chapter;
commits reckless dealing in paraphernalia, a Class B misdemeanor. However, the offense is a Class D felony if the person has a previous judgment or conviction under this section.
(d) This section does not apply to the following:
(1) Items marketed for use in the preparation, compounding, packaging, labeling, or other use of marijuana, hash oil, hashish, or a controlled substance as an incident to lawful research, teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale.
(2) Items marketed for or historically and customarily used in connection with the planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, or inhaling of tobacco or any other lawful substance.
As added by P.L.1-1991, SEC.206. Amended by P.L.58-2003, SEC.2.

Iowa

Iowa Code 2003 Section 124.414

124.414 Drug paraphernalia.
1.
a. As used in this section, "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, or materials of any kind used or attempted to be used in combination with a controlled substance, except those items used in combination with the lawful use of a controlled substance, to knowingly or intentionally and primarily do any of the following:

(1) Manufacture a controlled substance.
(2) Inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance.
(3) Test the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance.
(4) Enhance the effect of a controlled substance.

b. "Drug paraphernalia" does not include hypodermic needles or syringes if manufactured, delivered, sold, or possessed for a lawful purpose.

2. It is unlawful for any person to knowingly or intentionally manufacture, deliver, sell, or possess drug paraphernalia.
3. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor.

Kansas

65-4153
Chapter 65.--PUBLIC HEALTH
Article 41.--CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES

65-4153. Simulated controlled substances and drug paraphernalia; prohibited acts; penalties.
(a) No person shall deliver, possess with intent to deliver, manufacture with intent to deliver or cause to be delivered within this state:

(1) Any simulated controlled substance;
(2) any drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to use, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of K.S.A. 65-4162, and amendments thereto;
(3) any drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to use, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of the uniform controlled substances act, except K.S.A. 65-4162, and amendments thereto; or
(4) any drug paraphernalia, knowing or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, sell or distribute a controlled substance in violation of the uniform controlled substances act.

(b) Violation of subsection (a)(1) is a nondrug severity level 9, nonperson felony.
(c) Violation of subsection (a)(2) is a class A nonperson misdemeanor. Any person who violates subsection (a)(2) by delivering or causing to be delivered within this state drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age is guilty of a nondrug severity level 9, nonperson felony.
(d) Violation of subsection (a)(3) is a nondrug severity level 9, nonperson felony. Any person who violates subsection (a)(3) by delivering or causing to be delivered within this state drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age is guilty of a drug severity level 4 felony.
(e) Violation of subsection (a)(4) is a drug severity level 4 felony.

History: L. 1981, ch. 140, § 4; L. 1987, ch. 246, § 2; L. 1993, ch. 291, § 237; L. 1996, ch. 257, § 4; July 1.

Kentucky

218A.500 Definitions for KRS 218A.500 and 218A.510 -- Unlawful practices
Penalties.
As used in this section and KRS 218A.510:
(1) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.
It includes, but is not limited to:
(a) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating,
cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(b) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled
substances;
(c) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(d) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances;
(e) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(f) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite,
dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting
controlled substances;
(g) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in
removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining marijuana;
(h) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(i) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(j) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in
storing or concealing controlled substances;
(k) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body;
(l) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the
human body, such as: metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls; water pipes; carburetion tubes and devices; smoking and carburetion masks; roach clips which mean objects used to hold burning
material, such as marijuana cigarettes, that have become too small or too short to be held in the hand; miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials; chamber pipes; carburetor pipes; electric pipes; air-driven pipes; chillums; bongs; ice pipes or chillers.
(2) It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug
paraphernalia for the purpose of planting, propagating, cultivating, growing,
harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing,
preparing, testing, analyzing, packing, repacking, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.
(3) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or
manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under
circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia.
(5) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class D felony for subsequent offenses.
Effective: July 14, 1992
History: Amended 1992 Ky. Acts ch. 441, sec. 8, effective July 14, 1992. -- Created
1982 Ky. Acts ch. 413, sec. 2, effective July 15, 1982.

218A.510 Factors to be considered in determining whether object is drug paraphernalia.
In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
(3) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of KRS
218A.500(2), (3) or (4);
(4) The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
(5) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(6) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of KRS 218A.500(2), (3) or (4); the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of KRS 218A.500(2), (3) or (4) shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use as drug paraphernalia;
(7) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(8) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(9) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(10) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(11) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(12) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(13) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community;
(14) Expert testimony concerning its use.
Effective: July 15, 1982
History: Created 1982 Ky. Acts ch. 413, sec. 3, effective July 15, 1982.

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

"Drug paraphernalia'', all equipment, products, devices and materials of any kind which are primarily intended or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. It includes, but is not limited to:

(1) kits used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(2) kits used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing or preparing controlled substances;
(3) isomerization devices used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(4) testing equipment used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances;
(5) scales and balances used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(6) diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
(7) separation gins and sifters used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from or in otherwise cleaning or refining marihuana;
(8) blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(9) capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(10) containers and other objects used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances;
(11) hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in parenterally injected controlled substances into the human body;
(12) objects used, primarily intended for use or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:

(a) metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes, which pipes may or may not have screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls;
(b) water pipes;
(c) carburetion tubes and devices;
(d) smoking and carburetion masks;
(e) roach clips; meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(f) miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(g) chamber pipes;
(h) carburetor pipes;
(i) electric pipes;
(j) air-driven pipes;
(k) chillums;
(l) bongs;
(m) ice pipes or chillers;
(n) wired cigarette papers;
(o) cocaine freebase kits.

In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:

(a) the proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this chapter;
(b) the proximity of the object to controlled substances;
(c) the existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(d) instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(e) descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(f) national and local advertising concerning its use;
(g) the manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(h) whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(i) direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(j) the existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community;
(k) expert testimony concerning its use.

CHAPTER 94C. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT

Chapter 94C: Section 32I Drug paraphernalia; sale, possession or manufacture with intent to sell; penalty; sale of tobacco rolling papers

Section 32%iI.
(a) No person shall sell, possess with intent to sell, or manufacture with intent to sell drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. Whoever violates any provision of this paragraph shall be punished by imprisonment in jail or house of correction for not less than one nor more than two years, or by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or both.
(b) Any person who violates the foregoing provision by selling drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen years of age shall be imprisoned in the state prison for not less than three nor more than five years, or by a fine of not less than one thousand nor more than five thousand dollars, or both.
(c) On any premises where tobacco rolling papers are sold, the person in control of such premises shall cause to be displayed in a prominent place therein a printed warning that such papers shall not be used in conjunction with the possession of a controlled substance the possession of which is punishable by a fine or imprisonment. Whoever violates the provisions of this subsection shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars.

Michigan

333.7451 “Drug paraphernalia” defined.

Sec. 7451.

As used in sections 7453 to 7461 and section 7521, “drug paraphernalia” means any equipment, product, material, or combination of equipment, products, or materials, which is specifically designed for use in planting; propagating; cultivating; growing; harvesting; manufacturing; compounding; converting; producing; processing; preparing; testing; analyzing; packaging; repackaging; storing; containing; concealing; injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance; including, but not limited to, all of the following:

(a) An isomerization device specifically designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which plant is a controlled substance.
(b) Testing equipment specifically designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance.
(c) A weight scale or balance specifically designed for use in weighing or measuring a controlled substance.
(d) A diluent or adulterant, including, but not limited to, quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, specifically designed for use with a controlled substance.
(e) A separation gin or sifter specifically designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marihuana.
(f) An object specifically designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body.
(g) A kit specifically designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived.
(h) A kit specifically designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.
(i) A device, commonly known as a cocaine kit, that is specifically designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing controlled substances into the human body, and which consists of at least a razor blade and a mirror.
(j) A device, commonly known as a bullet, that is specifically designed to deliver a measured amount of controlled substances to the user.
(k) A device, commonly known as a snorter, that is specifically designed to carry a small amount of controlled substances to the user's nose.
(l) A device, commonly known as an automotive safe, that is specifically designed to carry and conceal a controlled substance in an automobile, including, but not limited to, a can used for brake fluid, oil, or carburetor cleaner which contains a compartment for carrying and concealing controlled substances.
(m) A spoon, with or without a chain attached, that has a small diameter bowl and that is specifically designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing controlled substances into the human body.

History: Add. 1988, Act 139, Imd. Eff. June 3, 1988
Popular Name: Act 368
© 2004 Legislative Council, State of Michigan

333.7453 Sale of drug paraphernalia prohibited; notice; compliance.
Sec. 7453.

(1) Subject to subsection (2), a person shall not sell or offer for sale drug paraphernalia, knowing that the drug paraphernalia will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance.
(2) Before a person is arrested for a violation of subsection (1), the attorney general or a prosecuting attorney shall notify the person in writing, not less than 2 business days before the person is to be arrested, that the person is in possession of specific, defined material that has been determined by the attorney general or prosecuting attorney to be drug paraphernalia. The notice also shall request that the person refrain from selling or offering for sale the material and shall state that if the person complies with the notice, no arrest will be made for a violation of subsection (1).
(3) If a person complies with a notice sent under subsection (2), the compliance is a complete defense for the person against a prosecution under section 7453, as long as the compliance continues.

History: Add. 1988, Act 139, Imd. Eff. June 3, 1988
Popular Name: Act 368
© 2004 Legislative Council, State of Michigan

333.7455 Violation of § 333.7453 as misdemeanor; penalty.
Sec. 7455.

(1) A person who violates section 7453 is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both.
(2) A person 18 years of age or older who violates section 7453 by selling or offering to sell drug paraphernalia to a person less than 18 years of age is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or a fine of not more than $7,500.00, or both.

History: Add. 1988, Act 139, Imd. Eff. June 3, 1988
Popular Name: Act 368
© 2004 Legislative Council, State of Michigan

Minnesota

Minnesota Session Laws 2005 - Chapter 136
152.092 Possession of drug paraphernalia prohibited.
It is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to use or to possess drug paraphernalia. Any violation of this section is a petty misdemeanor.

HIST: 1982 c 557 s 2

152.093 Manufacture or delivery of drug paraphernalia prohibited.
It is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to deliver drug paraphernalia or knowingly or intentionally to possess or manufacture drug paraphernalia for delivery. Any violation of this section is a misdemeanor.

HIST: 1982 c 557 s 3

152.094 Delivery of drug paraphernalia to a minor prohibited.

Any person 18 years of age or older who violates section 152.093 by knowingly or intentionally delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age who is at least three years younger is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

HIST: 1982 c 557 s 4; 1986 c 444

Mississippi

Missouri

Missouri Revised Statutes
Chapter 195
Drug Regulations
Section 195.233

August 28, 2005
Unlawful use of drug paraphernalia, penalty.
195.233. 1. It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance in violation of sections 195.005 to 195.425.

2. A person who violates this section is guilty of a class A misdemeanor, unless the person uses, or possesses with intent to use, the paraphernalia in combination with each other to manufacture, compound, produce, prepare, test or analyze amphetamine or methamphetamine or any of their analogues in which case the violation of this section is a class D felony.
(L. 1989 S.B. 215 & 58, A.L. 1998 H.B. 1147, et al.)

Montana

Montana Code Annotaded 2005
45-10-102. Determination of what constitutes paraphernalia. In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(1) statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) prior convictions, if any, of an owner or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance or dangerous drug;
(3) the proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this part;
(4) the proximity of the object to dangerous drugs;
(5) the existence of any residue of dangerous drugs on the object;
(6) direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner or of anyone in control of the object to deliver it to persons whom he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of 45-10-103 through 45-10-106. The innocence of an owner or of anyone in control of the object as to a direct violation of 45-10-103 through 45-10-106 does not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use or designed for use as drug paraphernalia.
(7) instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(8) descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(9) national and local advertising concerning its use;
(10) the manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(11) whether the owner or anyone in control of the object is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(12) direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(13) the existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community;
(14) expert testimony concerning its use.
History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 481, L. 1981.

45-10-103. Criminal possession of drug paraphernalia. It is unlawful for a person to use or to possess with intent to use drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a dangerous drug. A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be imprisoned in the county jail for not more than 6 months, fined an amount of not more than $500, or both. A person convicted of a first violation of this section is presumed to be entitled to a deferred imposition of sentence of imprisonment.
History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 481, L. 1981; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 100, L. 2001.

45-10-105. Delivery of drug paraphernalia to a minor. Any person 18 years of age or over who violates 45-10-104 by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age who is at least 3 years his junior is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be imprisoned in the county jail for not more than 1 year, fined not more than $1,000, or both.
History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 481, L. 1981.

45-10-104. Manufacture or delivery of drug paraphernalia. It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia, knowing or under circumstances where one reasonably should know that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a dangerous drug. Any person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be imprisoned in the county jail for not more than 6 months, fined not more than $500, or both.
History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 481, L. 1981.

Nebraska

VIOLATIONS are offenses punishable with a fine, and are prosecuted in County Court. These are some violations:
- Possession of drug paraphernalia
- First offense possession of marijuana of one (1) ounce or less
- MISDEMEANORS are offenses punishable with confinement of up to one (1) year in the County Jail.

Nevada

CHAPTER 453 - CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
DRUG PARAPHERNALIA

NRS 453.554 “Drug paraphernalia” defined. As used in NRS 453.554 to 453.566, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, “drug paraphernalia” means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. The term includes, but is not limited to:
1. Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
2. Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing or preparing controlled substances;
3. Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
4. Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances;
5. Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
6. Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
7. Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining marijuana;
8. Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
9. Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
10. Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances; and
11. Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(a) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls;
(b) Water pipes;
(c) Smoking masks;
(d) Roach clips, which are objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(e) Cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(f) Carburetor pipes and carburetion tubes and devices;
(g) Chamber pipes;
(h) Electric pipes;
(i) Air-driven pipes;
(j) Chillums;
(k) Bongs; and
(l) Ice pipes or chillers.

NRS 453.566 Unlawful use or possession. Any person who uses, or possesses with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter is guilty of a misdemeanor.

New Hampshire

CHAPTER 318-B
CONTROLLED DRUG ACT
Section 318-B:1
318-B:1 Definitions.
X-a. ""Drug paraphernalia'' means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. It includes, but is not limited to:
(a) Kits used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived.
(b) Kits including but not limited to cocaine kits, used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.
(c) Isomerization devices used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance.
(d) Testing equipment used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in identifying, or analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances.
(e) Scales and balances used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances.
(f) Dilutents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in cutting controlled substances.
(g) Separation gins and sifters used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana.
(h) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in compounding controlled substances.
(i) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances.
(j) Containers and other objects used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in storing or concealing controlled substances.
(k) Objects used or intended for use or customarily intended for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(1) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls.
(2) Water pipes.
(3) Carburetion tubes and devices.
(4) Smoking and carburetion masks.
(5) Chamber pipes.
(6) Carburetor pipes.
(7) Electric pipes.
(8) Air-driven pipes.
(9) Chillums.
(10) Bongs.
(11) Ice pipes or chillers.

318-B:2 Acts Prohibited.
II. It shall be unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be used or is customarily intended to be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance.
II-a. It shall be unlawful for any person, at retail, to sell or offer for sale any drug paraphernalia listed in RSA 318-B:1, X-a.
III. It shall be unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill,or other publication any advertisement, knowing that the purpose of the advertisement, when viewed as a whole, is to promote the sale of objects intended for use or customarily intended for use as drug paraphernalia.
IV. In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia under this chapter, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(a) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(b) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
(c) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this chapter;
(d) The proximity of any residue of controlled substances;
(e) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(f) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this chapter; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this chapter shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use as drug paraphernalia;
(g) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(h) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(i) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(j) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(k) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the objects to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(l) Whether the object is customarily intended for use as drug paraphernalia and the existence and scope of other legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(m) Expert testimony concerning its use.
V. No person shall obtain or attempt to obtain a controlled drug:
(a) By fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, or subterfuge;
(b) By the forgery or alteration of a prescription or of any written order;
(c) By the concealment of a material fact; or
(d) By the use of a false name or the giving of a false address.

Section 318-B:26
318-B:26 Penalties.
III. A person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor who:
(a) Controls any premises or vehicle where he knows a controlled drug or its analog is illegally kept or deposited;
(b) Aids, assists or abets a person in his presence in the perpetration of a crime punishable under paragraph II of this section, knowing that such person is illegally in possession of a controlled drug or its analog.
(c) Manufactures with the intent to deliver, delivers or possesses with the intent to deliver any drug paraphernalia when such paraphernalia is knowingly manufactured, delivered or possessed for one or more of the uses set forth in RSA 318-B:2, II.

New Jersey

New Mexico

30-31-25.1. Possession, delivery, manufacture or delivery to a minor of drug paraphernalia prohibited.

A. It is unlawful for any person to use or possess with intent to use drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of the Controlled Substances Act. The provisions of this subsection do not apply to a person who is in possession of hypodermic syringes or needles at the time he is directly and immediately engaged in a harm reduction program, as provided in the Harm Reduction Act [24-2C-1 to 24-2C-6 NMSA 1978].
B. It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver or manufacture with the intent to deliver drug paraphernalia with knowledge, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of the Controlled Substances Act. The provisions of this subsection do not apply to department of health employees or their designees while they are directly and immediately engaged in activities related to the harm reduction program authorized by the Harm Reduction Act.
C. Any person who violates this section with respect to Subsection A of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50.00) nor more than one hundred dollars ($100) or by imprisonment for a definite term less than one year, or both. Any person who violates this section with respect to Subsection B of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.
D. Any person eighteen years of age or over who violates the provisions of Subsection B of this section by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen years of age and who is at least three years his junior is guilty of a fourth degree felony and shall be sentenced pursuant to the provisions of Section 31-18-15 NMSA 1978.

New York

ARTICLE 39
DRUG-RELATED PARAPHERNALIA
Section 850. Definitions.

§ 850. Definitions. As used in this article, unless the context
clearly requires otherwise, the following words or terms shall have the
following meanings:
2. "Drug-related paraphernalia" consists of the following objects used
for the following purposes:
(a) Kits, used or designed for the purpose of planting, propagating,
cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a
controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be
derived;
(b) Kits, used or designed for the purpose of manufacturing,
compounding, converting, producing, or preparing controlled substances;
(c) Isomerization devices, used or designed for the purpose of
increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled
substance;
(d) Scales and balances, used or designed for the purpose of weighing
or measuring controlled substances;
(e) Diluents and adulterants, including but not limited to quinine
hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used or designed
for the purpose of cutting controlled substances;
(f) Separation gins, used or designed for the purpose of removing
twigs and seeds in order to clean or refine marihuana;
(g) Hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects, used or designed
for the purpose of parenterally injecting controlled substances into the
human body;
(h) Objects, used or designed for the purpose of ingesting, inhaling,
or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil
into the human body.

Section 851. Possession and sale of drug-related paraphernalia.
§ 851. Possession and sale of drug-related paraphernalia. It shall be
a violation of this article for any person, firm or corporation to
possess with intent to sell, offer for sale, or purchase drug-related
paraphernalia under circumstances evincing knowledge that the
paraphernalia is possessed, sold or purchased for one or more of the
drug-related purposes stated in subdivision two of section eight hundred
fifty of this article.

Section 851-a. Manufacture of drug-related paraphernalia.

§ 851-a. Manufacture of drug-related paraphernalia. Any person, firm
or corporation who manufactures drug-related paraphernalia intending, or
under circumstances evincing knowledge, that such paraphernalia is to be
used in connection with one or more of the drug-related purposes
specified in subdivision two of section eight hundred fifty of this
article shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.

Section 852. Power of municipality to revoke license or permit.

§ 852. Power of municipality to revoke license or permit. 1. A county,
town, city or village which issues a license or permit authorizing any
person, firm or corporation to engage in the selling or offering for
sale of any merchandise may revoke such license or permit upon a
finding, pursuant to a hearing held thereon, that such person, firm or
corporation has sold or offered for sale merchandise in violation of
this article.
2. The possession with intent to sell or offering for sale of
drug-related paraphernalia as defined herein is hereby declared to be a
nuisance, and where any such drug-related paraphernalia shall be taken
from the possession of any person, the same shall be surrendered and
forfeited to the sheriff of the county wherein the same shall be taken,
except that in a city having a population of seventy-five thousand or
more, the same shall be surrendered and forfeited to the police
commissioner or other head of the police force or department of said
city and except that in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk, the same
shall be surrendered and forfeited to the commissioner of the county
police department.

Section 853. Enforcement; limitation of scope.
* § 853. Enforcement; limitation of scope. 1. The attorney general or
any state or local health officer, town, village or city attorney, or
the chief executive officer of a municipality may institute an action in
a court of competent jurisdiction to enjoin any activity prohibited
pursuant to section eight hundred fifty-one of this chapter. If such
court finds that any person, firm or corporation has sold or offered for
sale any drug-related paraphernalia, it shall assess civil penalties
against such person, firm or corporation in an amount not less than one
thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars for each such
violation.
2. This article shall not apply to any sale, furnishing or possession
which is lawful under section 3381 of the public health law.
* NB Effective until September 1, 2007
* § 853. Enforcement. The attorney general or any state or local
health officer, town, village or city attorney, or the chief executive
officer of a municipality may institute an action in a court of
competent jurisdiction to enjoin any activity prohibited pursuant to
section eight hundred fifty-one of this chapter. If such court finds
that any person, firm or corporation has sold or offered for sale any
drug-related paraphernalia, it shall assess civil penalties against such
person, firm or corporation in an amount not less than one thousand
dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars for each such violation.
* NB Effective September 1, 2007

§ 220.50 Criminally using drug paraphernalia in the second degree.
A person is guilty of criminally using drug paraphernalia in the
second degree when he knowingly possesses or sells:
1. Diluents, dilutants or adulterants, including but not limited to,
any of the following: quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, lactose
or dextrose, adapted for the dilution of narcotic drugs or stimulants
under circumstances evincing an intent to use, or under circumstances
evincing knowledge that some person intends to use, the same for
purposes of unlawfully mixing, compounding, or otherwise preparing any
narcotic drug or stimulant; or
2. Gelatine capsules, glassine envelopes, vials, capsules or any other
material suitable for the packaging of individual quantities of narcotic
drugs or stimulants under circumstances evincing an intent to use, or
under circumstances evincing knowledge that some person intends to use,
the same for the purpose of unlawfully manufacturing, packaging or
dispensing of any narcotic drug or stimulant; or
3. Scales and balances used or designed for the purpose of weighing or
measuring controlled substances, under circumstances evincing an intent
to use, or under circumstances evincing knowledge that some person
intends to use, the same for purpose of unlawfully manufacturing,
packaging or dispensing of any narcotic drug or stimulant.
Criminally using drug paraphernalia in the second degree is a class A
misdemeanor.

§ 220.55 Criminally using drug paraphernalia in the first degree.
A person is guilty of criminally using drug paraphernalia in the first
degree when he commits the crime of criminally using drug paraphernalia
in the second degree and he has previously been convicted of criminally
using drug paraphernalia in the second degree.
Criminally using drug paraphernalia in the first degree is a class D
felony.

North Carolina

§ 90‑113.21. General provisions.

(a) As used in this Article, "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind that are used to facilitate, or intended or designed to facilitate, violations of the Controlled Substances Act, including planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, and concealing controlled substances and injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing controlled substances into the human body. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(1) Kits for planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(2) Kits for manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances;
(3) Isomerization devices for increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(4) Testing equipment for identifying, or analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances;
(5) Scales and balances for weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(6) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine, hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose for mixing with controlled substances;
(7) Separation gins and sifters for removing twigs and seeds from, or otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana;
(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices for compounding controlled substances;
(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers for packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(10) Containers and other objects for storing or concealing controlled substances;
(11) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects for parenterally injecting controlled substances into the body;
(12) Objects for ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the body, such as:
a. Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
b. Water pipes;
c. Carburetion tubes and devices;
d. Smoking and carburetion masks;
e. Objects, commonly called roach clips, for holding burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
f. Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
g. Chamber pipes;
h. Carburetor pipes;
i. Electric pipes;
j. Air‑driven pipes;
k. Chillums;
l. Bongs;
m. Ice pipes or chillers.

(b) The following, along with all other relevant evidence, may be considered in determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia:
(1) Statements by the owner or anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) Prior convictions of the owner or other person in control of the object for violations of controlled substances law;
(3) The proximity of the object to a violation of the Controlled Substances Act;
(4) The proximity of the object to a controlled substance;
(5) The existence of any residue of a controlled substance on the object;
(6) The proximity of the object to other drug paraphernalia;
(7) Instructions provided with the object concerning its use;
(8) Descriptive materials accompanying the object explaining or depicting its use;
(9) Advertising concerning its use;
(10) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(11) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a seller of tobacco products or agricultural supplies;
(12) Possible legitimate uses of the object in the community;
(13) Expert testimony concerning its use;
(14) The intent of the owner or other person in control of the object to deliver it to persons whom he knows or reasonably should know intend to use the object to facilitate violations of the Controlled Substances Act. (1981, c. 500, s. 1.)

§ 90‑113.23. Manufacture or delivery of drug paraphernalia.

(a) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia knowing that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, package, repackage, store, contain, or conceal a controlled substance which it would be unlawful to possess, or that it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the body a controlled substance which it would be unlawful to possess.
(b) Delivery, possession with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, of each separate and distinct item of drug paraphernalia is a separate offense.
(c) Violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. However, delivery of drug paraphernalia by a person over 18 years of age to someone under 18 years of age who is at least three years younger than the defendant shall be punishable as a Class I felony. (1981, c. 500, s. 1; c. 903, s. 1; 1993, c. 539, s. 625; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).)

§ 90‑113.22. Possession of drug paraphernalia.

(a) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, package, repackage, store, contain, or conceal a controlled substance which it would be unlawful to possess, or to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the body a controlled substance which it would be unlawful to possess.
(b) Violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor. (1981, c. 500, s. 1; 1993, c. 539, s. 624; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).)

§ 90‑113.24. Advertisement of drug paraphernalia.

(a) It is unlawful for any person to purchase or otherwise procure an advertisement in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication, or purchase or otherwise procure an advertisement on a billboard, sign, or other outdoor display, when he knows that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia described in this Article.
(b) Violation of this section is a Class 2 misdemeanor. (1981, c. 500, s. 1; c. 903, s. 1; 1993, c. 539, s. 626; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c).)

§ 90‑96. Conditional discharge and expunction of records for first offense.

(a) Whenever any person who has not previously been convicted of any offense under this Article or under any statute of the United States or any state relating to those substances included in Article 5 or 5A of Chapter 90 or to that paraphernalia included in Article 5B of Chapter 90 pleads guilty to or is found guilty of (i) a misdemeanor under this Article by possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article or by possessing drug paraphernalia as prohibited by G.S. 90‑113.21, or (ii) a felony under G.S. 90‑95(a)(3) by possessing less than one gram of cocaine, the court may, without entering a judgment of guilt and with the consent of such person, defer further proceedings and place him on probation upon such reasonable terms and conditions as it may require. Notwithstanding the provisions of G.S. 15A‑1342(c) or any other statute or law, probation may be imposed under this section for an offense under this Article for which the prescribed punishment includes only a fine. To fulfill the terms and conditions of probation the court may allow the defendant to participate in a drug education program approved for this purpose by the Department of Health and Human Services. Upon violation of a term or condition, the court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided. Upon fulfillment of the terms and conditions, the court shall discharge such person and dismiss the proceedings against him. Discharge and dismissal under this section shall be without court adjudication of guilt and shall not be deemed a conviction for purposes of this section or for purposes of disqualifications or disabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime including the additional penalties imposed for second or subsequent convictions under this Article. Discharge and dismissal under this section or G.S. 90‑113.14 may occur only once with respect to any person. Disposition of a case to determine discharge and dismissal under this section at the district court division of the General Court of Justice shall be final for the purpose of appeal. Prior to taking any action to discharge and dismiss under this section the court shall make a finding that the defendant has no record of previous convictions under the "North Carolina Controlled Substances Act", Article 5, Chapter 90, the "North Carolina Toxic Vapors Act", Article 5A, Chapter 90, or the "Drug Paraphernalia Act", Article 5B, Chapter 90.
(a1) Upon the first conviction only of any offense included in G.S. 90‑95(a)(3) or G.S. 90‑113.21 and subject to the provisions of this subsection (a1), the court may place defendant on probation under this section for an offense under this Article including an offense for which the prescribed punishment includes only a fine. The probation, if imposed, shall be for not less than one year and shall contain a minimum condition that the defendant who was found guilty or pleads guilty enroll in and successfully complete, within 150 days of the date of the imposition of said probation, the program of instruction at the drug education school approved by the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to G.S. 90‑96.01. The court may impose probation that does not contain a condition that defendant successfully complete the program of instruction at a drug education school if:
(1) There is no drug education school within a reasonable distance of the defendant's residence; or
(2) There are specific, extenuating circumstances which make it likely that defendant will not benefit from the program of instruction.

The court shall enter such specific findings in the record; provided that in the case of subdivision (2) above, such findings shall include the specific, extenuating circumstances which make it likely that the defendant will not benefit from the program of instruction.

For the purposes of determining whether the conviction is a first conviction or whether a person has already had discharge and dismissal, no prior offense occurring more than seven years before the date of the current offense shall be considered. In addition, convictions for violations of a provision of G.S. 90‑95(a)(1) or 90‑95(a)(2) or 90‑95(a)(3), or 90‑113.10, or 90‑113.11, or 90‑113.12, or 90‑113.21 shall be considered previous convictions.

Failure to complete successfully an approved program of instruction at a drug education school shall constitute grounds to revoke probation and deny application for expunction of all recordation of defendant's arrest, indictment, or information, trial, finding of guilty, and dismissal and discharge pursuant to this section. For purposes of this subsection, the phrase "failure to complete successfully the prescribed program of instruction at a drug education school" includes failure to attend scheduled classes without a valid excuse, failure to complete the course within 150 days of imposition of probation, willful failure to pay the required fee for the course, or any other manner in which the person fails to complete the course successfully. The instructor of the course to which a person is assigned shall report any failure of a person to complete successfully the program of instruction to the court which imposed probation. Upon receipt of the instructor's report that the person failed to complete the program successfully, the court shall revoke probation and/or deny application for expunction of all recordation of defendant's arrest, indictment, or information, trial, finding of guilty, and dismissal and discharge pursuant to this section. A person may obtain a hearing before the court of original jurisdiction prior to revocation of probation or denial of application for expunction.

This subsection is supplemental and in addition to existing law and shall not be construed so as to repeal any existing provision contained in the General Statutes of North Carolina.

(b) Upon the dismissal of such person, and discharge of the proceedings against him under subsection (a) of this section, such person, if he were not over 21 years of age at the time of the offense, may apply to the court for an order to expunge from all official records (other than the confidential file to be retained by the Administrative Office of the Courts under subsection (c)) all recordation relating to his arrest, indictment or information, trial, finding of guilty, and dismissal and discharge pursuant to this section. The applicant shall attach to the application the following:

(1) An affidavit by the applicant that he has been of good behavior during the period of probation since the decision to defer further proceedings on the offense in question and has not been convicted of any felony, or misdemeanor, other than a traffic violation, under the laws of the United States or the laws of this State or any other state;
(2) Verified affidavits by two persons who are not related to the applicant or to each other by blood or marriage, that they know the character and reputation of the petitioner in the community in which he lives, and that his character and reputation are good;
(3) Affidavits of the clerk of superior court, chief of police, where appropriate, and sheriff of the county in which the petitioner was convicted, and, if different, the county of which the petitioner is a resident, showing that the applicant has not been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor other than a traffic violation under the laws of this State at any time prior to the conviction for the offense in question or during the period of probation following the decision to defer further proceedings on the offense in question.

The judge to whom the petition is presented is authorized to call upon a probation officer for any additional investigation or verification of the petitioner's conduct during the probationary period deemed desirable.

If the court determines, after hearing, that such person was dismissed and the proceedings against him discharged and that he was not over 21 years of age at the time of the offense, it shall enter such order. The effect of such order shall be to restore such person in the contemplation of the law to the status he occupied before such arrest or indictment or information. No person as to whom such order was entered shall be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of his failures to recite or acknowledge such arrest, or indictment or information, or trial in response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose.

The court shall also order that said conviction and the records relating thereto be expunged from the records of the court, and direct all law‑enforcement agencies bearing records of the same to expunge their records of the conviction. The clerk shall forward a certified copy of the order to the sheriff, chief of police or other arresting agency, as appropriate, and the sheriff, chief of police or other arresting agency, as appropriate, shall forward such order to the State Bureau of Investigation with a form supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation. The State Bureau of Investigation shall forward the court order in like manner to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(c) The clerk of superior court in each county in North Carolina shall, as soon as practicable after each term of court in his county, file with the Administrative Office of the Courts the names of those persons granted a conditional discharge under the provisions of this Article, and the Administrative Office of the Courts shall maintain a confidential file containing the names of persons granted conditional discharges. The information contained in the file shall be disclosed only to Judges of the General Court of Justice of North Carolina for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person charged with an offense under this Article has been previously granted a conditional discharge.

(d) Whenever any person is charged with a misdemeanor under this Article by possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article or a felony under G.S. 90‑95(a)(3) by possessing less than one gram of cocaine, upon dismissal by the State of the charges against him, upon entry of a nolle prosequi, or upon a finding of not guilty or other adjudication of innocence, such person may apply to the court for an order to expunge from all official records all recordation relating to his arrest, indictment or information, or trial. If the court determines, after hearing that such person was not over 21 years of age at the time any of the proceedings against him occurred, it shall enter such order. No person as to whom such order has been entered shall be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of his failures to recite or acknowledge such arrest, or indictment or information, or trial in response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose.

(e) Whenever any person who has not previously been convicted of an offense under this Article or under any statute of the United States or any state relating to controlled substances included in any schedule of this Article or to that paraphernalia included in Article 5B of Chapter 90 pleads guilty to or has been found guilty of (i) a misdemeanor under this Article by possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article, or by possessing drug paraphernalia as prohibited by G.S. 90‑113.21, or (ii) a felony under G.S. 90‑95(a)(3) by possessing less than one gram of cocaine, the court may, upon application of the person not sooner than 12 months after conviction, order cancellation of the judgment of conviction and expunction of the records of his arrest, indictment, or information, trial and conviction. A conviction in which the judgment of conviction has been canceled and the records expunged pursuant to this section shall not be thereafter deemed a conviction for purposes of this section or for purposes of disqualifications or liabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime including the additional penalties imposed for second or subsequent convictions of this Article. Cancellation and expunction under this section may occur only once with respect to any person. Disposition of a case under this section at the district court division of the General Court of Justice shall be final for the purpose of appeal.

The granting of an application filed under this section shall cause the issue of an order to expunge from all official records (other than the confidential file to be retained by the Administrative Office of the Courts under subsection (c)) all recordation relating to the petitioner's arrest, indictment, or information, trial, finding of guilty, judgment of conviction, cancellation of the judgment, and expunction of records pursuant to this section.

The judge to whom the petition is presented is authorized to call upon a probation officer for additional investigation or verification of the petitioner's conduct since conviction. If the court determines that the petitioner was convicted of (i) a misdemeanor under this Article for possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article, or for possessing drug paraphernalia as prohibited in G.S. 90‑113.21, or (ii) a felony under G.S. 90‑95(a)(3) for possession of less than one gram of cocaine, that he was not over 21 years of age at the time of the offense, that he has been of good behavior since his conviction, that he has successfully completed a drug education program approved for this purpose by the Department of Health and Human Services, and that he has not been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor other than a traffic violation under the laws of this State at any time prior to or since the conviction for the offense in question, it shall enter an order of expunction of the petitioner's court record. The effect of such order shall be to restore the petitioner in the contemplation of the law to the status he occupied before arrest or indictment or information or conviction. No person as to whom such order was entered shall be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of his failures to recite or acknowledge such arrest, or indictment or information, or conviction, or trial in response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose. The judge may waive the condition that the petitioner attend the drug education school if the judge makes a specific finding that there was no drug education school within a reasonable distance of the defendant's residence or that there were specific extenuating circumstances which made it likely that the petitioner would not benefit from the program of instruction.

The court shall also order that all law‑enforcement agencies bearing records of the conviction and records relating thereto to expunge their records of the conviction. The clerk shall forward a certified copy of the order to the sheriff, chief of police, or other arresting agency, as appropriate, and the arresting agency shall forward the order to the State Bureau of Investigation with a form supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation. The State Bureau of Investigation shall forward the court order in like manner to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

The clerk of superior court in each county in North Carolina shall, as soon as practicable after each term of court in his county, file with the Administrative Office of the Courts the names of those persons whose judgments of convictions have been canceled and expunged under the provisions of this Article, and the Administrative Office of the Courts shall maintain a confidential file containing the names of persons whose judgments of convictions have been canceled and expunged. The information contained in the file shall be disclosed only to judges of the General Court of Justice of North Carolina for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person charged with an offense under this Article has been previously granted cancellation and expunction of a judgment of conviction pursuant to the terms of this Article.

(f) A person who files a petition for expunction of a criminal record under this section must pay the clerk of superior court a fee of sixty‑five dollars ($65.00) at the time the petition is filed. Fees collected under this subsection shall be deposited in the General Fund. This subsection does not apply to petitions filed by an indigent. (1971, c. 919, s. 1; 1973, c. 654, s. 2; c. 1066; 1977, 2nd Sess., c. 1147, s. 11B; 1979, c. 431, ss. 3, 4; c. 550; 1981, c. 922, ss. 1‑4; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 11, s. 1.1; 1997‑443, s. 11A.118(a); 2002‑126, s. 29A.5(d).)

§ 19‑5. Content of final judgment and order.

If the existence of a nuisance is admitted or established in an action as provided for in this Chapter an order of abatement shall be entered as a part of the judgment in the case, which judgment and order shall perpetually enjoin the defendant and any other person from further maintaining the nuisance at the place complained of, and the defendant from maintaining such nuisance elsewhere within the jurisdiction of this State. Lewd matter, illegal alcoholic beverages, gambling paraphernalia, or substances proscribed under the North Carolina Controlled Substances Act shall be destroyed and not be sold.

Such order may also require the effectual closing of the place against its use thereafter for the purpose of conducting any such nuisance.

The provisions of this Article, relating to the closing of a place with respect to obscene or lewd matter, shall not apply in any order of the court to any theatre or motion picture establishment which does not, in the regular, predominant, and ordinary course of its business, show or demonstrate lewd films or motion pictures, as defined in this Article, but any such establishment may be permanently enjoined from showing such film judicially determined to be obscene hereunder and such film or motion picture shall be destroyed and all proceeds and moneys received therefrom, after the issuance of a preliminary injunction, forfeited. (Pub. Loc. 1913, c. 761, s. 29; 1919, c. 288; C.S., s. 3184; 1977, c. 819, s. 6; 1981, c. 412, s. 4; c. 747, s. 66.)

§ 90‑113.14. Conditional discharge and expunction of records for first offenses.

(a) Whenever any person who has not previously been convicted of any offense under this Article or under any statute of the United States or any state relating to those substances included in Article 5 or 5A or 5B of Chapter 90 pleads guilty to or is found guilty of inhaling or possessing any substance having the property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes in violation of Article 5A of Chapter 90, the court may, without entering a judgment of guilt and with the consent of such person, defer further proceedings and place him on probation upon such reasonable terms and conditions as it may require. Notwithstanding the provisions of G.S. 15A‑1342(c) or any other statute or law, probation may be imposed under this section for an offense under this Article for which the prescribed punishment includes only a fine. To fulfill the terms and conditions of probation the court may allow the defendant to participate in a drug education program approved for this purpose by the Department of Health and Human Services. Upon violation of a term or condition, the court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided. Upon fulfillment of the terms and conditions, the court shall discharge such person and dismiss the proceedings against him. Discharge and dismissal under this section shall be without court adjudication of guilt and shall not be deemed a conviction for purposes of this section or for purposes of disqualifications or disabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime including the additional penalties imposed for second or subsequent convictions. Discharge and dismissal under this section or G.S. 90‑96 may occur only once with respect to any person. Disposition of a case to determine discharge and dismissal under this section at the district court division of the General Court of Justice shall be final for the purpose of appeal. Prior to taking any action to discharge or dismiss under this section the court shall make a finding that the defendant has no record of previous convictions under the "North Carolina Toxic Vapors Act", Article 5A, Chapter 90, the "North Carolina Controlled Substances Act", Article 5, Chapter 90, or the "Drug Paraphernalia Act", Article 5B, Chapter 90.

(a1) Upon the first conviction only of any offense included in G.S. 90‑113.10 or 90‑113.11 and subject to the provisions of this subsection (a1), the court may place defendant on probation under this section for an offense under this Article including an offense for which the prescribed punishment includes only a fine. The probation, if imposed, shall be for not less than one year and shall contain a minimum condition that the defendant who was found guilty or pleads guilty enroll in and successfully complete, within 150 days of the date of the imposition of said probation, the program of instruction at the drug education school approved by the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to G.S. 90‑96.01. The court may impose probation that does not contain a condition that defendant successfully complete the program of instruction at a drug education school if:

(1) There is no drug education school within a reasonable distance of the defendant's residence; or
(2) There are specific, extenuating circumstances which make it likely that defendant will not benefit from the program of instruction.

The court shall enter such specific findings in the record; provided that in the case of subsection (2) above, such findings shall include the specific, extenuating circumstances which make it likely that the defendant will not benefit from the program of instruction.

For the purpose of determining whether the conviction is a first conviction or whether a person has already had discharge and dismissal, no prior offense occurring more than seven years before the date of the current offense shall be considered. In addition, convictions for violations of a provision of G.S. 90‑95(a)(1) or 90‑95(a)(2) or 90‑95(a)(3), or 90‑113.10, or 90‑113.11, or 90‑113.12, or

90‑113.21 shall be considered previous convictions.

Failure to complete successfully an approved program of instruction at a drug education school shall constitute grounds to revoke probation and deny application for expunction of all recordation of defendant's arrest, indictment, or information, trial, finding of guilty, and dismissal and discharge pursuant to this section. For purposes of this subsection, the phrase "failure to complete successfully the prescribed program of instruction at a drug education school" includes failure to attend scheduled classes without a valid excuse, failure to complete the course within 150 days of imposition of probation, willful failure to pay the required fee for the course, or any other manner in which the person fails to complete the course successfully. The instructor of the course to which a person is assigned shall report any failure of a person to complete successfully the program of instruction to the court which imposed probation. Upon receipt of the instructor's report that the person failed to complete the program successfully, the court shall revoke probation and/or deny application for expunction of all recordation of defendant's arrest, indictment, or information, trial, finding of guilty, and dismissal and discharge pursuant to this section. A person may obtain a hearing before the court of original jurisdiction prior to revocation of probation or denial of application for expunction.

This subsection is supplemental and in addition to existing law and shall not be construed so as to repeal any existing provision contained in the General Statutes of North Carolina.

(b) Upon the dismissal of such person, and discharge of the proceedings against him under subsection (a) of this section, such person, if he were not over 21 years of age at the time of the offense, may apply to the court for an order to expunge from all official records (other than the confidential file to be retained by the Administrative Office of the Courts under subsection (c)) all recordation relating to his arrest, indictment or information, trial, finding of guilty, and dismissal and discharge pursuant to this section. The applicant shall attach to the application the following:

(1) An affidavit by the applicant that he has been of good behavior during the period of probation since the decision to defer further proceedings on the misdemeanor in question and has not been convicted of any felony, or misdemeanor, other than a traffic violation, under the laws of the United States or the laws of this State or any other state;
(2) Verified affidavits by two persons who are not related to the applicant or to each other by blood or marriage, that they know the character and reputation of the petitioner in the community in which he lives, and that his character and reputation are good;
(3) Affidavits of the clerk of superior court, chief of police, where appropriate, and sheriff of the county in which the petitioner was convicted, and, if different, the county of which the petitioner is a resident, showing that the applicant has not been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor other than a traffic violation under the laws of this State at any time prior to the conviction for the misdemeanor in question or during the period of probation following the decision to defer further proceedings on the misdemeanor in question.

The judge to whom the petition is presented is authorized to call upon a probation officer for any additional investigation or verification of the petitioner's conduct during the probationary period deemed desirable.

If the court determines, after hearing, that such person was dismissed and the proceedings against him discharged and that he was not over 21 years of age at the time of the offense, it shall enter such order. The effect of such order shall be to restore such person in the contemplation of the law to the status he occupied before such arrest or indictment or information. No person as to whom such order was entered shall be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of his failures to recite or acknowledge such arrest, or indictment or information, or trial in response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose.

The court shall also order that said conviction and the records relating thereto be expunged from the records of the court, and direct all law‑enforcement agencies bearing records of the same to expunge their records of the conviction. The clerk shall forward a certified copy of the order to the sheriff, chief of police or other arresting agency, as appropriate, and the sheriff, chief of police or other arresting agency, as appropriate, shall forward such order to the State Bureau of Investigation with a form supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation. The State Bureau of Investigation shall forward the court order in like manner to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(c) The clerk of superior court in each county in North Carolina shall, as soon as practicable after each term of court in his county, file with the Commission, the names of all persons convicted under such Articles, together with the offense or offenses of which such persons were convicted. The clerk shall also file with the Administrative Office of the Courts the names of those persons granted a conditional discharge under the provisions of this Article, and the Administrative Office of the Court shall maintain a confidential file containing the names of persons granted conditional discharges. The information contained in such file shall be disclosed only to judges of the General Court of Justice of North Carolina for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person charged with an offense under Article 5 or 5A has been previously granted a conditional discharge.

(d) Whenever any person is charged with a misdemeanor under this Article by possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article, or by possessing drug paraphernalia as prohibited by G.S. 90‑113.21 upon dismissal by the State of the charges against him or upon entry of a nolle prosequi or upon a finding of not guilty or other adjudication of innocence, such person may apply to the court for an order to expunge from all official records all recordation relating to his arrest, indictment, or information, and trial. If the court determines, after hearing that such person was not over 21 years of age at the time any of the proceedings against him occurred, it shall enter such order. No person as to whom such order has been entered shall be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of his failures to recite or acknowledge such arrest, or indictment, or information, or trial in response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose.

(e) Whenever any person who has not previously been convicted of an offense under this Article or under any statute of the United States or any state relating to controlled substances included in any schedule of this Article or to that paraphernalia included in Article 5B of Chapter 90 pleads guilty to or has been found guilty of a misdemeanor under this Article by possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article, the court may, upon application of the person not sooner than 12 months after conviction, order cancellation of the judgment of conviction and expunction of the records of his arrest, indictment, or information, trial and conviction. A conviction in which the judgment of conviction has been cancelled and the records expunged pursuant to this section shall not be thereafter deemed a conviction for purposes of this section or for purposes of disqualifications or liabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime including the additional penalties imposed for second or subsequent convictions of this Article. Cancellation and expunction under this section may occur only once with respect to any person. Disposition of a case under this section at the district court division of the General Court of Justice shall be final for the purpose of appeal.

The granting of an application filed under this section shall cause the issue of an order to expunge from all official records (other than the confidential file to be retained by the Administrative Office of the Courts under subsection (c)) all recordation relating to his arrest, indictment, or information, trial, finding of guilty, judgment of conviction, cancellation of the judgment, and expunction of records pursuant to this section.

The judge to whom the petition is presented is authorized to call upon a probation officer for additional investigation or verification of the petitioner's conduct since conviction. If the court determines that the petitioner was convicted of a misdemeanor under this Article for possessing a controlled substance included within Schedules II through VI of this Article, or for possessing drug paraphernalia as prohibited by G.S. 90‑113.21, that he was not over 21 years of age at the time of the offense, that he has been of good behavior since his conviction, that he has successfully completed a drug education program approved for this purpose by the Department of Health and Human Services, and that he has not been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor other than a traffic violation under the laws of this State at any time prior to or since the conviction for the misdemeanor in question, it shall enter an order of expunction of the petitioner's court record. The effect of such order shall be to restore the petitioner in the contemplation of the law to the status he occupied before such arrest or indictment or information or conviction. No person as to whom such order was entered shall be held thereafter under any provision of any law to be guilty of perjury or otherwise giving a false statement by reason of his failures to recite or acknowledge such arrest, or indictment or information, or conviction, or trial in response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose. The judge may waive the condition that the petitioner attend the drug education school if the judge makes a specific finding that there was no drug education school within a reasonable distance of the defendant's residence or that there were specific extenuating circumstances which made it likely that the petitioner would not benefit from the program of instruction.

The court shall also order that all law‑enforcement agencies bearing records of the conviction and records relating thereto to expunge their records of the conviction. The clerk shall forward a certified copy of the order to the sheriff, chief of police, or other arresting agency, as appropriate, and the arresting agency shall forward the order to the State Bureau of Investigation with a form supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation. The State Bureau of Investigation shall forward the court order in like manner to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

The clerk of superior court in each county in North Carolina shall, as soon as practicable after each term of court in his county, file with the Administrative Office of the Courts the names of those persons whose judgments of convictions have been cancelled and expunged under the provisions of this Article, and the Administrative Office of the Courts shall maintain a confidential file containing the names of persons whose judgments of convictions have been cancelled and expunged. The information contained in the file shall be disclosed only to judges of the General Court of Justice of North Carolina for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person charged with an offense under this Article has been previously granted cancellation and expunction of a judgment of conviction pursuant to the terms of this Article. (1971, c. 1078; 1975, c. 650, ss. 3, 4; 1977, c. 642, s. 3; 1979, c. 431, ss. 3, 4; 1981, c. 51, s. 11; c. 922, ss. 5‑7; 1997‑443, s. 11A.118(a).)

North Dakota

Ohio

§ 2925.14. Drug paraphernalia offenses.

(A) As used in this section, "drug paraphernalia" means any equipment, product, or material of any kind that is used by the offender, intended by the offender for use, or designed for use, in propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body, a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to, any of the following equipment, products, or materials that are used by the offender, intended by the offender for use, or designed by the offender for use, in any of the following manners:
(1) A kit for propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of a plant that is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(2) A kit for manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing a controlled substance;
(3) Any object, instrument, or device for manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing methamphetamine or any salt, isomer, or salt of an isomer of methamphetamine;
(4) An isomerization device for increasing the potency of any species of a plant that is a controlled substance;
(5) Testing equipment for identifying, or analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of, a controlled substance;
(6) A scale or balance for weighing or measuring a controlled substance;
(7) A diluent or adulterant, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, or lactose, for cutting a controlled substance;
(8) A separation gin or sifter for removing twigs and seeds from, or otherwise cleaning or refining, marihuana;
(9) A blender, bowl, container, spoon, or mixing device for compounding a controlled substance;
(10) A capsule, balloon, envelope, or container for packaging small quantities of a controlled substance;
(11) A container or device for storing or concealing a controlled substance;
(12) A hypodermic syringe, needle, or instrument for parenterally injecting a controlled substance into the human body;
(13) An object, instrument, or device for ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body, marihuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil, such as a metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipe, with or without a screen, permanent screen, hashish head, or punctured metal bowl; water pipe; carburetion tube or device; smoking or carburetion mask; roach clip or similar object used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand; miniature cocaine spoon, or cocaine vial; chamber pipe; carburetor pipe; electric pipe; air driver pipe; chillum; bong; or ice pipe or chiller.

(B) In determining if any equipment, product, or material is drug paraphernalia, a court or law enforcement officer shall consider, in addition to other relevant factors, the following:
(1) Any statement by the owner, or by anyone in control, of the equipment, product, or material, concerning its use;
(2) The proximity in time or space of the equipment, product, or material, or of the act relating to the equipment, product, or material, to a violation of any provision of this chapter;
(3) The proximity of the equipment, product, or material to any controlled substance;
(4) The existence of any residue of a controlled substance on the equipment, product, or material;
(5) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of the owner, or of anyone in control, of the equipment, product, or material, to deliver it to any person whom the owner or person in control of the equipment, product, or material knows intends to use the object to facilitate a violation of any provision of this chapter. A finding that the owner, or anyone in control, of the equipment, product, or material, is not guilty of a violation of any other provision of this chapter does not prevent a finding that the equipment, product, or material was intended or designed by the offender for use as drug paraphernalia.
(6) Any oral or written instruction provided with the equipment, product, or material concerning its use;
(7) Any descriptive material accompanying the equipment, product, or material and explaining or depicting its use;
(8) National or local advertising concerning the use of the equipment, product, or material;
(9) The manner and circumstances in which the equipment, product, or material is displayed for sale;
(10) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of the sales of the equipment, product, or material to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(11) The existence and scope of legitimate uses of the equipment, product, or material in the community;
(12) Expert testimony concerning the use of the equipment, product, or material.

(C) (1) No person shall knowingly use, or possess with purpose to use, drug paraphernalia.
(2) No person shall knowingly sell, or possess or manufacture with purpose to sell, drug paraphernalia, if the person knows or reasonably should know that the equipment, product, or material will be used as drug paraphernalia.
(3) No person shall place an advertisement in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication that is published and printed and circulates primarily within this state, if the person knows that the purpose of the advertisement is to promote the illegal sale in this state of the equipment, product, or material that the offender intended or designed for use as drug paraphernalia.

(D) This section does not apply to manufacturers, licensed health professionals authorized to prescribe drugs, pharmacists, owners of pharmacies, and other persons whose conduct is in accordance with Chapters 3719., 4715., 4723., 4729., 4731., and 4741. of the Revised Code. This section shall not be construed to prohibit the possession or use of a hypodermic as authorized by section 3719.172 of the Revised Code.

(E) Notwithstanding sections 2933.42 and 2933.43 of the Revised Code, any drug paraphernalia that was used, possessed, sold, or manufactured in a violation of this section shall be seized, after a conviction for that violation shall be forfeited, and upon forfeiture shall be disposed of pursuant to division (D) (8) of section 2933.41 of the Revised Code.

(F) (1) Whoever violates division (C) (1) of this section is guilty of illegal use or possession of drug paraphernalia, a misdemeanor of the fourth degree.
(2) Except as provided in division (F) (3) of this section, whoever violates division (C) (2) of this section is guilty of dealing in drug paraphernalia, a misdemeanor of the second degree.
(3) Whoever violates division (C) (2) of this section by selling drug paraphernalia to a juvenile is guilty of selling drug paraphernalia to juveniles, a misdemeanor of the first degree.
(4) Whoever violates division (C) (3) of this section is guilty of illegal advertising of drug paraphernalia, a misdemeanor of the second degree.

(G) In addition to any other sanction imposed upon an offender for a violation of this section, the court shall suspend for not less than six months or more than five years the offender's driver's or commercial driver's license or permit. If the offender is a professionally licensed person, in addition to any other sanction imposed for a violation of this section, the court immediately shall comply with section 2925.38 of the Revised Code.

Oklahoma

"Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body, a controlled dangerous substance in violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act including, but not limited to:
a. kits used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled dangerous substance or from which a controlled dangerous substance can be derived,
b. kits used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing or preparing controlled dangerous substances,
c. isomerization devices used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled dangerous substance,
d. testing equipment used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled dangerous substances,
e. scales and balances used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in weighing or measuring controlled dangerous substances,
f. diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in cutting controlled dangerous substances,
g. separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marihuana,
h. blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in compounding controlled dangerous substances,
i. capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in packaging small quantities of controlled dangerous substances,
j. containers and other objects used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in parenterally injecting controlled dangerous substances into the human body,
k. hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in parenterally injecting controlled dangerous substances into the human body,
l. objects used, intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
(1) metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls,
(2) water pipes,
(3) carburetion tubes and devices,
(4) smoking and carburetion masks,
(5) roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand,
(6) miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials,
(7) chamber pipes,
(8) carburetor pipes,
(9) electric pipes,
(10) air-driven pipes,
(11) chillums,
(12) bongs, or
(13) ice pipes or chillers,
m. all hidden or novelty pipes, and
n. any pipe that has a tobacco bowl or chamber of less than one-half (1/2) inch in diameter in which there is any detectable residue of any controlled dangerous substance as defined in this section or any other substances not legal for possession or use;
provided, however, the term "drug paraphernalia" shall not include separation gins intended for use in preparing tea or spice, clamps used for constructing electrical equipment, water pipes designed for ornamentation in which no detectable amount of an illegal substance is found or pipes designed and used solely for smoking tobacco, traditional pipes of an American Indian tribal religious ceremony, or antique pipes that are thirty (30) years of age or older;

§63 2 101.1. Drug paraphernalia Factors used in determining.
In determining whether an object is "drug paraphernalia", a court or jury shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
1. Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
2. The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act;
3. The proximity of the object to controlled dangerous substances;
4. The existence of any residue of controlled dangerous substances on the object;
5. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to any person who intends to use the object to facilitate a violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this act shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or fashioned specifically for use, as drug paraphernalia;
6. Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object which either state directly or imply that the object is to be used for the consumption of controlled substances;
7. Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use as an object for the consumption of controlled substances;
8. The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
9. Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
10. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object or objects to the total sales of the business enterprise;
11. The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
12. Expert testimony concerning its use.
Added by Laws 1981, c. 62, § 2, emerg. eff. April 13, 1981. Amended by Laws 1982, c. 12, § 2, operative Oct. 1, 1982; Laws 2004, c. 301, § 2, eff. Nov. 1, 2004.

§63-2-405. Prohibited acts E - Penalties.
A. No person shall use tincture of opium, tincture of opium camphorated, or any derivative thereof, by the hypodermic method, either with or without a medical prescription therefor.
B. No person shall use drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled dangerous substance in violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act, except those persons holding an unrevoked license in the professions of podiatry, dentistry, medicine, nursing, optometry, osteopathy, veterinary medicine or pharmacy.
C. No person shall deliver, sell, possess or manufacture drug paraphernalia knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled dangerous substance in violation of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act.
D. Any person eighteen (18) years of age or over who violates subsection C of this section by delivering or selling drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen (18) years of age shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a felony.
E. Any person who violates subsections A, B or C of this section shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable as follows:

Oregon

Chapter 457

DRUG PARAPHERNALIA

475.525 Sale of drug paraphernalia prohibited; definition of drug paraphernalia; exceptions. (1) It is unlawful for any person to sell or deliver, possess with intent to sell or deliver or manufacture with intent to sell or deliver drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be used to unlawfully plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance as defined by ORS 475.005.
(2) For the purposes of this section, “drug paraphernalia” means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are marketed for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of ORS 475.940 to 475.999. Drug paraphernalia includes, but is not limited to:

(a) Kits marketed for use or designed for use in unlawfully planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(b) Kits marketed for use or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing or preparing controlled substances;
(c) Isomerization devices marketed for use or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(d) Testing equipment marketed for use or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances;
(e) Scales and balances marketed for use or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(f) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, marketed for use or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
(g) Separation gins and sifters marketed for use or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining marijuana;
(h) Containers and other objects marketed for use or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances; and
(i) Objects marketed for use or designed specifically for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:

(A) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens or hashish heads;
(B) Water pipes;
(C) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(D) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(E) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand, such as a marijuana cigarette;
(F) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(G) Chamber pipes;
(H) Carburetor pipes;
(I) Electric pipes;
(J) Air-driven pipes;
(K) Chillums;
(L) Bongs;
(M) Ice pipes or chillers; and
(N) Lighting equipment specifically designed for the growing of controlled substances.

(3) Drug paraphernalia does not include hypodermic syringes or needles.
(4) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a trier of fact should consider, in addition to all other relevant factors, the following:

(a) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(b) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(c) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(d) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(e) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(f) Any expert testimony which may be introduced concerning its use.

(5) The provisions of ORS 475.525 to 475.565 do not apply to persons registered under the provisions of ORS 475.125 or to persons specified as exempt from registration under the provisions of that statute. [1989 c.1077 §1; 1995 c.440 §10]

475.535 Action to enforce ORS 475.525 to 475.565. The State of Oregon, any political subdivision of the state, or any official or agency of the state or its political subdivisions may bring an action to enforce ORS 475.525 to 475.565. The court shall award costs and reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in any such action. [1989 c.1077 §2]

475.545 Order of forfeiture of paraphernalia; effect. If, at the trial or upon a hearing, the trier of fact finds any item received into evidence at the trial or hearing to be drug paraphernalia, the court may order the item forfeited upon motion of the district attorney. The drug paraphernalia may then be destroyed or, if the paraphernalia is of substantial value and is not contraband, may be sold, the proceeds to be deposited in the Common School Fund. [1989 c.1077 §3]

475.555 Seizure of drug paraphernalia. An official of the state, its political subdivisions or any agency thereof may seize drug paraphernalia when:

(1) The drug paraphernalia is the subject of an adverse judgment under ORS 475.525 to 475.565;
(2) The seizure is in the course of a constitutionally valid arrest or search;
(3) The owner or person in possession of the drug paraphernalia consents to the seizure; or
(4) The seizure is pursuant to a lawful order of a court, including an order issued under ORCP 83 or ORS 166.725. [1989 c.1077 §5]

475.999 Penalty for manufacture or delivery of controlled substance within 1,000 feet of school. Except as authorized by ORS 475.005 to 475.285 and 475.940 to 475.999, it is unlawful for any person to:
(1) Manufacture or deliver a schedule I, II or III controlled substance within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising a public or private elementary, secondary or career school attended primarily by minors.

(a) Unlawful manufacture or delivery of a controlled substance within 1,000 feet of a school is a Class A felony.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subsection, delivery for no consideration of less than five grams of the dried leaves, stems and flowers of the plant Cannabis family Moraceae in a public place, as defined in ORS 161.015, that is within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising a public or private elementary, secondary or career school attended primarily by minors to a person who is 18 years of age or older is a Class C misdemeanor.

(2)(a) Possess less than one avoirdupois ounce of the dried leaves, stems and flowers of the plant Cannabis family Moraceae in a public place, as defined in ORS 161.015, that is within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising a public or private elementary, secondary or career school attended primarily by minors.
(b) Possession of less than one avoirdupois ounce of the dried leaves, stems and flowers of the plant Cannabis family Moraceae in a public place that is within 1,000 feet of a school is a Class C misdemeanor. [1989 c.806 §2; 1991 c.574 §1; 1993 c.78 §1; 1995 c.343 §49; 1995 c.440 §39]

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

CHAPTER 21-28.5
Sale of Drug Paraphernalia
SECTION 21-28.5-1

§ 21-28.5-1 "Drug paraphernalia" defined. – (a) As used in this chapter, "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packing, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, ingesting, inhaling, or introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of chapter 28 of this title. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(1) Kits intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(2) Kits intended for use or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances;
(3) Isomerization devices intended for use or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant that is a controlled substance;
(4) Testing equipment intended for use or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances;
(5) Scales and balances intended for use or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(6) Dilutants and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, intended for use or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
(7) Separation gins and sifters intended for use or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in cleaning or refining, marijuana;
(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices intended for use or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers intended for use or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
(10) Containers and other objects intended for use or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances; and
(11) Objects intended for use or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:

(i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(ii) Water pipes;
(iii) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(iv) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(v) Roach clips, meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(vi) Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials;
(vii) Chamber pipes;
(viii) Carburetor pipes;
(xi) Electric pipes;
(x) Air-driven pipes;
(xi) Chillums;
(xii) Bongs;
(xiii) Ice pipes or chillers; and
(xiv) Wide rolling papers which are designed for drug use.

(b) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority may consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:

(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) Prior conviction, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
(3) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons who the owner or person in control of the object knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this chapter. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this chapter shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use, as drug paraphernalia;

(4) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(5) Descriptive materials accompanying the object that explain or depict its use;
(6) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(7) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(8) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(9) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(10) Expert testimony concerning its use.

CHAPTER 21-28.5
Sale of Drug Paraphernalia
SECTION 21-28.5-2

§ 21-28.5-2 Manufacture or delivery of drug paraphernalia – Penalty. – It is unlawful for any person to deliver, sell, possess with intent to deliver, or sell, or manufacture with intent to deliver, or sell drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of chapter 28 of this title. A violation of this section shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000) or imprisonment not exceeding two (2) years, or both.

CHAPTER 21-28.5
Sale of Drug Paraphernalia
SECTION 21-28.5-3

§ 21-28.5-3 Delivery of drug paraphernalia to a minor – Penalty. – Any person eighteen (18) years of age or over who violates § 21-28.5-2 by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen (18) years of age shall be subject to a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000) or imprisonment not to exceed five (5) years, or both.

CHAPTER 21-28.5
Sale of Drug Paraphernalia
SECTION 21-28.5-4

§ 21-28.5-4 Severability. – If any provisions of this chapter or application of any provisions to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the chapter which can be given effect without the invalid provisions or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter are severable.

South Carolina

South Carolina Code of Laws
(unannotated)

Title 44 - Health

CHAPTER 53.

POISONS, DRUGS AND OTHER CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES

ARTICLE 1.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 44-53-110. Definitions.
"Paraphernalia" means any instrument, device, article, or contrivance used, designed for use, or intended for use in ingesting, smoking, administering, or preparing marijuana, hashish, hashish oil, or cocaine and does not include cigarette papers and tobacco pipes but includes, but is not limited to:
(1) metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic marijuana or hashish pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(2) water pipes designed for use or intended for use with marijuana, hashish, hashish oil, or cocaine;
(3) carburetion tubes and devices;
(4) smoking and carburetion masks;
(5) roach clips;
(6) separation gins designed for use or intended for use in cleaning marijuana;
(7) cocaine spoons and vials;
(8) chamber pipes;
(9) carburetor pipes;
(10) electric pipes;
(11) air-driven pipes;
(12) chilams;
(13) bongs;
(14) ice pipes or chillers.

SECTION 44-53-391. Unlawful to advertise for sale, manufacture, possess, sell or deliver, or to possess with intent to sell or deliver, paraphernalia.

(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to advertise for sale, manufacture, possess, sell or deliver, or to possess with the intent to deliver, or sell paraphernalia.
(b) In determining whether an object is paraphernalia, a court or other authority shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:

(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
(3) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(4) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of law; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of law shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use as drug paraphernalia;
(5) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(6) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(7) National and local advertising concerning it use;
(8) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(9) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(10) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(11) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community;
(12) Expert testimony concerning its use.

South Dakota

22-42A-1. Drug paraphernalia defined. The term, drug paraphernalia, means any equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are primarily used, intended for use, or designed for use by the person in possession of them, in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body any controlled substance or marijuana in violation of the provisions of this chapter. It includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or marijuana or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(2) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances;
(3) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of marijuana or any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(4) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
(5) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
(6) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana;
(7) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances or marijuana;
(8) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances or marijuana;
(9) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body; and
(10) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:

(a) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(b) Water pipes;
(c) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(d) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(e) Roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(f) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(g) Chamber pipes;
(h) Carburetor pipes;
(i) Electric pipes;
(j) Air-driven pipes;
(k) Chillums;
(l) Bongs; and
(m) Ice pipes or chillers.

22-42A-2. Factors considered in determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia. In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia as defined in § 22-42A-1, a court or other authority shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
(1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this article;
(3) The proximity of the object to controlled substances or marijuana;
(4) The existence of any residue of controlled substances or marijuana on the object;
(5) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to any person whom he knows, or should reasonably know, intends to use the object to facilitate a violation of this article;
(6) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(7) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(8) National and local advertising concerning its use;
(9) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(10) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community;
(11) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(12) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(13) Expert testimony concerning its use.

22-42A-3. Use or possession of drug paraphernalia as misdemeanor. No person, knowing the drug related nature of the object, may use or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body any controlled substance or marijuana in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.

22-42A-4. Delivery of drug paraphernalia as felony. No person, knowing the drug related nature of the object, may deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance or marijuana in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a Class 6 felony.

Tennessee

39-17-424. Determination whether object is drug paraphernalia.

In determining whether a particular object is drug paraphernalia as defined by § 39-17-402, the court or other authority making such a determination shall in addition to all other logically relevant factors consider the following:
(1) Statements by the owner or anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) Prior convictions, if any, of the owner or of anyone in control of the object for violation of any state or federal law relating to controlled substances;
(3) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
(4) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(5) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(6) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(7) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
(8) Expert testimony concerning its use.

39-17-425. Unlawful drug paraphernalia uses and activities.

(a) (1) Except when used or possessed with the intent to use by a person authorized by this part and title 53, chapter 11, parts 3 and 4 to dispense, prescribe, manufacture or possess a controlled substance, it is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this part.
(2) Any person who violates this subsection (a) commits a Class A misdemeanor.
(b) (1) Except when delivered, possessed with the intent to deliver, or manufactured with the intent to deliver by a person authorized by this part and title 53, chapter 11, parts 3 and 4 to dispense, prescribe, manufacture or possess a controlled substance, it is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this part.
(2) Any person who violates subdivision (b)(1) commits a Class E felony.
(3) Except when delivered by a person authorized by this part and title 53, chapter 11, parts 3 and 4 to dispense, prescribe, manufacture or possess a controlled substance, any person eighteen (18) years of age or over who violates this subsection (b) by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen (18) years of age who is at least three (3) years younger than such person commits a Class E felony.
(c) (1) It is unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication, any advertisement, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia.
(2) Any person who violates the provisions of subdivision (c)(1) commits a Class A misdemeanor.
[Acts 1989, ch. 591, § 1.]

39-17-428. Mandatory minimum fines - Allocation of proceeds.

(7) First conviction for possession of drug paraphernalia under §
39-17-425(a)(1) .................................................. ........$ 150
(8) Second or subsequent conviction for possession of drug paraphernalia under § 39-17-425(a)(1) and conviction for all other
misdemeanor drug offenses ................................................$ 250

Texas

SUBTITLE C. SUBSTANCE ABUSE REGULATION AND CRIMES
CHAPTER 481. TEXAS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT
SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 481.001. SHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as
the Texas Controlled Substances Act.
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.

§ 481.002. DEFINITIONS.
(17) "Drug paraphernalia" means equipment, a product,
or material that is used or intended for use in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing,
compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing,
testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing,
or concealing a controlled substance in violation of this chapter
or in injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into
the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.
The term includes:
(A) a kit used or intended for use in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting a species of plant
that is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance
may be derived;
(B) a material, compound, mixture, preparation,
or kit used or intended for use in manufacturing, compounding,
converting, producing, processing, or preparing a controlled
substance;
(C) an isomerization device used or intended for
use in increasing the potency of a species of plant that is a
controlled substance;
(D) testing equipment used or intended for use in
identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity
of a controlled substance;
(E) a scale or balance used or intended for use in
weighing or measuring a controlled substance;
(F) a dilutant or adulterant, such as quinine
hydrochloride, mannitol, inositol, nicotinamide, dextrose,
lactose, or absorbent, blotter-type material, that is used or
intended to be used to increase the amount or weight of or to
transfer a controlled substance regardless of whether the dilutant
or adulterant diminishes the efficacy of the controlled substance;
(G) a separation gin or sifter used or intended
for use in removing twigs and seeds from or in otherwise cleaning or
refining marihuana;
(H) a blender, bowl, container, spoon, or mixing
device used or intended for use in compounding a controlled
substance;
(I) a capsule, balloon, envelope, or other
container used or intended for use in packaging small quantities of
a controlled substance;
(J) a container or other object used or intended
for use in storing or concealing a controlled substance;
(K) a hypodermic syringe, needle, or other object
used or intended for use in parenterally injecting a controlled
substance into the human body; and
(L) an object used or intended for use in
ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine,
hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, including:
(i) a metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone,
plastic, or ceramic pipe with or without a screen, permanent
screen, hashish head, or punctured metal bowl;
(ii) a water pipe;
(iii) a carburetion tube or device;
(iv) a smoking or carburetion mask;
(v) a chamber pipe;
(vi) a carburetor pipe;
(vii) an electric pipe;
(viii) an air-driven pipe;
(ix) a chillum;
(x) a bong; or
(xi) an ice pipe or chiller.

(53) "Chemical laboratory apparatus" means any item of
equipment designed, made, or adapted to manufacture a controlled
substance or a controlled substance analogue, including:
(A) a condenser;
(B) a distilling apparatus;
(C) a vacuum drier;
(D) a three-neck or distilling flask;
(E) a tableting machine;
(F) an encapsulating machine;
(G) a filter, Buchner, or separatory funnel;
(H) an Erlenmeyer, two-neck, or single-neck
flask;
(I) a round-bottom, Florence, thermometer, or
filtering flask;
(J) a Soxhlet extractor;
(K) a transformer;
(L) a flask heater;
(M) a heating mantel; or
(N) an adaptor tube.

§ 481.003. RULES. (a) The director may adopt rules to
administer and enforce this chapter.
(b) The director by rule shall prohibit a person in this
state, including a person regulated by the Texas Department of
Insurance under the Insurance Code or the other insurance laws of
this state, from using a practitioner's Federal Drug Enforcement
Administration number for a purpose other than a purpose described
by federal law or by this chapter. A person who violates a rule
adopted under this subsection commits a Class C misdemeanor.

Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 745, § 3, eff. Jan. 1, 1998.
Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1266, § 1, eff. Sept 1st

Utah

Title 58 Chapter 37a -- Utah Drug Paraphernalia Act
58-37a-2. Purpose.

It is the intent of this chapter to discourage the use of narcotics by eliminating paraphernalia designed for processing, ingesting, or otherwise using a controlled substance.

Enacted by Chapter 76, 1981 General Session
58-37a-3. "Drug paraphernalia" defined.

As used in this chapter:
"Drug paraphernalia" means any equipment, product, or material used, or intended for use, to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, package, repackage, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or to otherwise introduce a controlled substance into the human body in violation of Title 58, Chapter 37, and includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Kits used, or intended for use, in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
(2) Kits used, or intended for use, in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing a controlled substance;
(3) Isomerization devices used, or intended for use, to increase the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
(4) Testing equipment used, or intended for use, to identify or to analyze the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance;
(5) Scales and balances used, or intended for use, in weighing or measuring a controlled substance;
(6) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannited, dextrose and lactose, used, or intended for use to cut a controlled substance;
(7) Separation gins and sifters used, or intended for use to remove twigs, seeds, or other impurities from marihuana;
(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, or intended for use to compound a controlled substance;
(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, or intended for use to package small quantities of a controlled substance;
(10) Containers and other objects used, or intended for use to store or conceal a controlled substance;
(11) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, or intended for use to parenterally inject a controlled substance into the human body; and
(12) Objects used, or intended for use to ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce marihuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, including but not limited to:
(a) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(b) Water pipes;
(c) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(d) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(e) Roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(f) Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials;
(g) Chamber pipes;
(h) Carburetor pipes;
(i) Electric pipes;
(j) Air-driven pipes;
(k) Chillums;
(l) Bongs; and
(m) Ice pipes or chillers.

Enacted by Chapter 76, 1981 General Session
58-37a-4. Considerations in determining whether object is drug paraphernalia.

In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, the trier of fact, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, should consider:
(1) statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
(2) prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to a controlled substance;
(3) the proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this chapter;
(4) the proximity of the object to a controlled substance;
(5) the existence of any residue of a controlled substance on the object;
(6) instructions whether oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
(7) descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
(8) national and local advertising concerning its use;
(9) the manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
(10) whether the owner or anyone in control of the object is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
(11) direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;
(12) the existence and scope of legitimate uses of the object in the community; and
(13) expert testimony concerning its use.

Enacted by Chapter 76, 1981 General Session
58-37a-5. Unlawful acts.

(1) It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce a controlled substance into the human body in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a class B misdemeanor.
(2) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, any drug paraphernalia, knowing that the drug paraphernalia will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce a controlled substance into the human body in violation of this act. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
(3) Any person 18 years of age or over who delivers drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age who is three years or more younger than the person making the delivery is guilty of a third degree felony.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to place in this state in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement, knowing that the purpose of the advertisement is to promote the sale of drug paraphernalia. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a class B misdemeanor.

Vermont

Virginia

Code of Virginia
Chapter 34 - Drug Control Act

§ 54.1-3466. Possession or distribution of controlled paraphernalia; meaning of controlled paraphernalia; evidence; exceptions.

Except as authorized in this chapter, it shall be a misdemeanor for any person to possess or distribute controlled paraphernalia which shall mean a hypodermic syringe, needle or other instrument or implement or combination thereof adapted for the administration of controlled dangerous substances by hypodermic injections under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use such controlled paraphernalia for purposes of illegally administering any controlled drug, or gelatin capsules, glassine envelopes or any other container suitable for the packaging of individual quantities of controlled drugs in sufficient quantity to and under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use any such item for the illegal manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of any such controlled drug. Evidence of such circumstances shall include, but not be limited to, close proximity of any such controlled paraphernalia to any adulterants or equipment commonly used in the illegal manufacture and distribution of controlled drugs including, but not limited to, scales, sieves, strainers, measuring spoons, staples and staplers, or procaine hydrochloride, mannitol, lactose, quinine, or any controlled drug or any machine, equipment, instrument, implement, device or combination thereof which is adapted for the production of controlled drugs under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use such item or combination thereof to produce, sell, or dispense any controlled drug in violation of the provisions of this chapter.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to persons who have acquired possession and control of controlled paraphernalia in accordance with the provisions of this article or to any person who owns or is engaged in breeding or raising livestock, poultry or other animals to which hypodermic injections are customarily given in the interest of health, safety, or good husbandry; or to hospitals, physicians, pharmacists, dentists, podiatrists, veterinarians, funeral directors and embalmers, persons to whom a permit has been issued, manufacturers, wholesalers or their authorized agents or employees when in the usual course of their business, if the controlled paraphernalia lawfully obtained continues to be used for the legitimate purposes for which they were obtained.

(1971, Ex. Sess., cc. 210, 245; 1976, c. 614; 1988, c. 765.)

§ 54.1-3467. Distribution of hypodermic needles or syringes, gelatin capsules, quinine or any of its salts.

Distribution by any method, of any hypodermic needles or syringes, gelatin capsules, quinine or any of its salts, in excess of one-fourth ounce shall be restricted to licensed pharmacists or to others who have received a license or a permit from the Board.

(1971, Ex. Sess., cc. 210, 245; 1988, c. 765.)

Washington

WASHINGTON STATE PARAPHERNALIA LAWS
from CHAPTER 69.50 UNIFORM CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT

RCW 69.50.412 Prohibited acts: E--Penalties.

(1) It is unlawful for any person to use drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(2) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(3) Any person eighteen years of age or over who violates subsection (2) of this section by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under eighteen years of age who is at least three years his junior is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor. [1981 c 48 2.]
NOTES:
Severability--1981 c 48: See note following RCW 69.50.102.

RCW 69.50.102 Drug paraphernalia--Definitions.

1. As used in this chapter, "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance. It includes, but is not limited to:
1. Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;
2. Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances;
3. Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance;
4. Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances;
5. Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
6. Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
7. Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marihuana;
8. Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances;
9. Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances;
10. Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances;
11. Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body;
12. Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing marihuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:
1. Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
2. Water pipes;
3. Carburetion tubes and devices;
4. Smoking and carburetion masks;
5. Roach clips: Meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
6. Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials;
7. Chamber pipes;
8. Carburetor pipes;
9. Electric pipes;
10. Air-driven pipes;
11. Chillums;
12. Bongs; and
13. Ice pipes or chillers.

2. In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia under this section, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:
1. Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use;
2. Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance;
3. The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this chapter;
4. The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
5. The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object;
6. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this chapter; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this chapter shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended or designed for use as drug paraphernalia;
7. Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;
8. Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;
9. National and local advertising concerning its use;
10. The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
11. Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
12. Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object(s) to the total sales of the business enterprise;
13. The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and
14. Expert testimony concerning its use. [1981 c 48 1.]

NOTES: Severability--1981 c 48: "If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected." [1981 c 48 4.]

West Virginia

§60A-4-403a. Prohibition of illegal drug paraphernalia businesses; definitions; places deemed common and public nuisances; abatement; suit to abate nuisances; injunction; search warrants; forfeiture of property; penalties.
(a) Any person who conducts, finances, manages, supervises, directs or owns all or part of an illegal drug paraphernalia business is guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or confined in jail not less than six months nor more than one year, or both.
(b) A person violates subsection (a) of this section when:
(1) The person conducts, finances, manages, supervises, directs, or owns all or part of a business which for profit, in the regular course of business or as a continuing course of conduct, manufactures, sells, stores, possesses, gives away or furnishes objects designed to be primarily useful as drug devices.
(2) The person knows or has reason to know that the design of such objects renders them primarily useful as drug devices.
(c) As used in this section, "drug device" means an object usable for smoking marijuana, for smoking controlled substances defined as tetrahydrocannabinols, or for ingesting or inhaling cocaine, and includes, but is not limited to:
(i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls;
(ii) Water pipes;
(iii) Carburetion tubes and devices;
(iv) Smoking and carburetion masks;
(v) Roach clips; meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;
(vi) Chamber pipes;
(vii) Carburetor pipes;
(viii) Electric pipes;
(ix) Air-driven pipes;
(x) Chillums;
(xi) Bongs;
(xii) Ice pipes or chillers; and
(xiii) Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials.
In any prosecution under this section, the question whether an object is a drug device shall be a question of fact.
(d) A place where drug devices are manufactured, sold, stored, possessed, given away or furnished in violation of this section shall be deemed a common or public nuisance. Conveyances or vehicles of any kind shall be deemed places within the meaning of this section and may be proceeded against under the provisions of subsection (e) of this section. A person who shall maintain, or shall aid or abet or knowingly be associated with others in maintaining such common or public nuisance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by confinement in jail not more than six months for each offense, and judgment shall be given that such nuisance be abated or closed as a place for the manufacture, sale, storage, possession, giving away or furnishing of drug devices.
(e) The prosecuting attorney or a citizen of the county or municipality where a nuisance as defined in subsection (d) is located, may maintain a suit in the name of the state to abate and perpetually enjoin the same. Circuit courts shall have jurisdiction thereof. The injunction may be granted at the commencement of the suit and no bond shall be required if such action for injunction be brought by the prosecuting attorney. If such suit for injunction be brought or maintained by a citizen of the county or municipality where such nuisance is alleged to be located, then the court may require a bond as in other cases of injunction. On the finding that the material allegations of the complaint are true, the court or judge thereof in vacation shall order the injunction for such period of time as it or he may think proper, with the right to dissolve the injunction upon the application of the owner of the place, if a proper case is shown for such dissolution.
The continuance of the injunction as provided in this section may be ordered, although the place complained of may not at the time of hearing be unlawfully used.
(f) If there be complaint on oath or affirmation supported by affidavit or affidavits setting forth the facts for such belief that drug devices are being manufactured, sold, kept, stored or in any manner held, used or concealed in a particular house or other place with intent to engage in illegal drug paraphernalia business in violation of law, a magistrate or a circuit court, or the judge thereof in vacation to whom such complaint is made, if satisfied that there is probable cause for such belief, shall issue a warrant to search such house or other place for such devices. Such warrants, except as herein otherwise provided, shall be issued, directed and executed in accordance with the laws of West Virginia pertaining to search warrants. Warrants issued under this section for the search of any automobile, boat, conveyance or vehicle, or for the search of any trunk, grip or other article of baggage, for such devices, may be executed in any part of the state where the same are overtaken, and shall be made returnable before any magistrate or circuit court, or the judge thereof in vacation, within whose jurisdiction such automobile, boat, conveyance, vehicle, trunk, grip or other article of baggage, or any of them, were transported or attempted to be transported.
An officer charged with the execution of a warrant issued under this section, may, whenever it is necessary, break open and enter a house, or other place herein described.
(g) Any property, including money, used in violation of the provisions of this section may be seized and forfeited to the state.

Wisconsin

SUBCHAPTER VI
DRUG PARAPHERNALIA
(a) "Drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products and materials of any kind that are used, designed for use or primarily intended for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance or controlled substance analog in violation of this chapter. "Drug paraphernalia" includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
(b) "Drug paraphernalia" excludes:

A tobacco pipe is excluded from the definition of drug paraphernalia under sub. (1) (b) 2. The presence of residue of a controlled substance in the pipe does not change that result. State v. Martinez, 210 Wis. 2d 396, 563 N.W.2d 922 (Ct. App. 1997), 96-1899.

(1) In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority shall consider, in addition to all other legally relevant factors, the following:

(e) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he or she knows intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this chapter; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this chapter shall not prevent a finding that the object is designed for use or primarily intended for use as drug paraphernalia.

961.573 Possession of drug paraphernalia.

(1) No person may use, or possess with the primary intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance or controlled substance analog in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.

(3) No person may use, or possess with the primary intent to use, drug paraphernalia to manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack or store methamphetamine or a controlled substance analog of methamphetamine in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a Class H felony.

961.574 Manufacture or delivery of drug paraphernalia.

(1) No person may deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be primarily used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance or controlled substance analog in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection may be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than 90 days or both.

(3) No person may deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing that it will be primarily used to manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack or store methamphetamine or a controlled substance analog of methamphetamine in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a Class H felony.

961.575 Delivery of drug paraphernalia to a minor.

(1) Any person 17 years of age or over who violates s. 961.574 (1) by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person 17 years of age or under who is at least 3 years younger than the violator may be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.

(3) Any person 17 years of age or over who violates s. 961.574 (3) by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person 17 years of age or under is guilty of a Class G felony.

961.576 Advertisement of drug paraphernalia. No person may place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill or other publication any advertisement, knowing that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed for use or primarily intended for use as drug paraphernalia in violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this section may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.

The trial court erred in suppressing controlled substances and associated paraphernalia seized pursuant to a search warrant on the ground that a transcript of testimony upon which the warrant was based was not filed within 5 days of its execution, as required by sub. (2), because: 1) s. 968.22 provides that no evidence seized under a search warrant may be suppressed due to technical irregularities not affecting the defendant's substantial rights; 2) the 5-day filing requirement is a ministerial duty, a violation of which does not invalidate a search absent prejudice; and 3) there was no prejudice when the transcript was filed approximately 6 weeks prior to the filing of the information, before which the defendant was statutorily precluded from making any motion to suppress. State v. Elam, 68 Wis. 2d 614, 229 N.W.2d 664 (1975).

Wyoming

Chapter 7 Title 35
35‑7‑1056. Delivery of, or possession with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia.

It is unlawful for any person to deliver, or possess with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia. Any person who violates this section is guilty of a crime and, upon conviction, may be imprisoned for not more than six (6) months, fined not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), or both.

35‑7‑1057. Delivery of drug paraphernalia to a minor.

Any adult who violates W.S. 35‑7‑1056 by delivering drug paraphernalia to a minor is guilty of a crime and, upon conviction, may be imprisoned for not more than five (5) years, fined not more than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500.00), or both.

District of Columbia